Development of visual object recognition

项目摘要 视觉神经科学的一个中心目标是了解大脑是如何支持感知的。一种强有力的方法 研究大脑功能与知觉的关系，就是研究大脑功能与知觉的并行过程。 发展。视点不变的视觉目标识别是一种计算困难但具有高度生态性的问题 相关任务。婴儿的视觉功能很差，出现在不同的发育轨迹上 视视觉功能的类型而定。理解视觉对象的发展轨迹 识别行为和神经生理学将有助于限制计算模型的数量 将神经元反应与行为联系起来。 神经生理学测量技术的最新进展令人信服地证明 腹侧视觉流，尤其是IT皮层，包含对对象的强健表示。我们的实验 在这项拨款申请中提出的目的是探索不变量的行为发展之间的联系 物体识别与视区信息技术的功能开发。 首先，我们将使用心理物理技术来纵向跟踪对象识别的发展 和容易训练的对象-奇怪任务。我们将探索形状相似性和保持身份的图像变异， 大脑必须克服两个计算挑战才能支持不变对象识别。我们还将 表征目标识别在开发过程中对空间杂波的稳健性。我们将使用 放置在自然背景上的不同位置、姿势和大小的三维对象。 第二，我们将直接评估神经生理学发展的神经反应特性和 区域IT对相同对象图像的接受场组织。唤醒录音将被交错 与同一个体的行为测试直接相关的行为和神经发育。 这些实验将加深我们对信息技术在支持物体识别方面的作用的理解 对保持身份的图像变化具有健壮性的性能，以及2)神经发育的局限性 在感知和认知的发展上摆姿势。我们更大的目标是通过 腹侧流处理形成该图像以支持不变对象识别。

Project Summary A central goal of visual neuroscience is to understand how the brain supports perception. A powerful approach to studying the relationship between brain function and perception is to study the processes in parallel during development. View-invariant visual object recognition is a computationally difficult but highly ecologically relevant task. Visual function is poor in infants and emerges over different developmental trajectories depending on the type of visual function. Understanding the developmental trajectory of visual object recognition behaviorally and neurophysiologically will help constrain computational models that quantitatively link neuronal responses to behavior. Recent progress in neurophysiological measurement techniques have demonstrated convincingly that the ventral visual stream, IT cortex in particular, contains a robust representation of objects. The experiments we propose in this grant application aim to explore the links between the behavioral development of invariant object recognition and the functional development of visual area IT. First, we will use psychophysical techniques to longitudinally track the development of object recognition using and easy to train object-oddity task. We will explore shape similarity and identity-preserving image variation, two computational challenges the brain has to overcome to support invariant object recognition. We will also characterize the robustness of object recognition to spatial clutter during development. We will use images of three-dimensional objects placed on natural backgrounds and vary position, pose, and size. Second, we will directly assess neurophysiologically the development of neural response properties and receptive field organization of area IT to the same images of objects. The awake recordings will be interleaved with behavioral assays in the same individuals to directly correlate behavioral and neural development. These experiments will advance our understanding of the role of IT in support of 1) object recognition performance that is robust to identity preserving image variation, and 2) the limitations that neural development pose on the development of perception and cognition. Our greater goal is to elucidate the mechanisms by which the ventral stream processes form to support invariant object recognition.