Understanding the Role of Neighborhoods on Urban Youth's Substance Use and Mental Health: A Community-Based Substance Abuse Prevention Project

了解社区对城市青年药物滥用和心理健康的作用：基于社区的药物滥用预防项目

• 批准号: 10260448
• 负责人: Ijeoma Opara
• 金额: $ 41.88万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10260448
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Accounting; Address; Administrator; Adolescent; Adult; African American; Age; Area; Award; Behavioral Sciences; Characteristics; Cities; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Communities; Community based prevention; Complex; Data; Dedications; Dentistry; Development; Discipline of Nursing; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Empirical Research; Environment; Epidemic; Equation; Ethnic group; Evaluation; Exposure to; Faculty; Focus Groups; Foundations; Gender; Grant; HIV/HCV; Health; Health Sciences; Health Technology; Hispanics; Illicit Drugs; Individual; Information Technology; Intervention; Literature; Manuscripts; Medicine; Mental Health; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Needs Assessment; Neighborhoods; New Jersey; New York; Outcome; Participant; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Population; Populations at Risk; Prevention Research; Process; Public Health; Publishing; Qualitative Methods; Race; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Personnel; Research Support; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Schools; Social Welfare; Socioeconomic Status; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Technology; Training; United States; Universities; Urban Community; Vulnerable Populations; Writing; Youth; adolescent substance use; aged; anxiety symptoms; base; career; depressive symptoms; design; doctoral student; evidence base; experience; feasibility trial; gender difference; health management; implementation intervention; improved outcome; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; interest; multiple data sources; pre-doctoral; preventive intervention; programs; protective factors; recruit; research study; risk perception; school district; substance abuse prevention; substance use; substance use prevention; suburban communities; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY Urban youth in the United States are more likely to be exposed to licit and illicit substances, experience higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and live in under-resourced areas. Such a disparity leaves urban youth at risk of poorer health outcomes than their counterparts. Since youth substance use is on the rise, it is imperative for innovative methods to be utilized in order to tackle this complex issue. The association between substance use, neighborhood characteristics, and mental health outcomes in youth is emerging in the literature yet disparities continue to impact youth in urban communities. Paterson, New Jersey is a northeastern, urban community which has one the highest rates of substance abuse in the nation. Youth living in Paterson are overly exposed to drug use in their neighborhoods and have extreme access to substances, leaving them more at risk to initiate use at earlier ages and more likely to become dependent into adulthood. My research in this community has shown that neighborhood and community level characteristics, in addition to depressive and anxiety symptoms among youth, can be key facilitators to early substance use. Previous research has overwhelmingly placed the blame on individuals, particularly youth, as opposed to acknowledging the systemic structures and the environmental context in which youth are nested. Although substance use prevention interventions exist, youth who are the most vulnerable and often the hardest to reach, are not engaged in prevention interventions or connected to resources. In order to reach this at-risk population, I propose to use an innovative method, venue-based sampling, to recruit at-risk youth. The research addresses these specific aims: Aim 1: To examine the association between neighborhood characteristics, substance use, and mental health symptoms among Paterson youth using quantitative and qualitative methods. Aim 2: Use findings from Aim 1 to inform the adaptation of a community-based and evidence-based substance use prevention intervention for Paterson youth. Aim 3: Pilot the intervention on a sample of Paterson youth. I hypothesize that there will be significant differences in risk and protective factors by race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status among Paterson youth. This project will use multiple sources of data to inform findings and use preliminary data to prepare a more robust R01 clinical trial application to be implemented in Paterson and other urban cities that will account for unique differences in urban youth.

项目摘要 美国的城市青年更有可能接触合法和非法物质，经历更高水平的 焦虑和抑郁症状，生活在资源不足的地区。这种差距使城市青年面临更贫穷的风险。 健康的结果比他们的同行。由于青少年药物使用呈上升趋势， 来解决这个复杂的问题。物质使用，邻里特征， 青年的心理健康结果在文献中出现，但差异继续影响城市青年， 社区.帕特森，新泽西是东北部，城市社区，其中有一个最高的物质率 在国内滥用。生活在帕特森的年轻人在他们的社区过度接触毒品， 获得药物的机会，使他们更有可能在较早的年龄开始使用药物， 成年我在这个社区的研究表明，邻里和社区层面的特点，此外， 青年人的抑郁和焦虑症状，可能是早期使用药物的关键促进因素。先前的研究 绝大多数人将责任归咎于个人，特别是青年，而不是承认系统性结构， 以及青年所处的环境背景。虽然存在预防药物使用的干预措施， 他们是最脆弱的，往往是最难接触到的，没有参与预防干预措施或与 资源为了达到这一风险人群，我建议使用一种创新的方法，基于场地的抽样， 招募高危青年该研究针对这些具体目标： 目的1：研究邻里特征、物质使用和心理健康之间的关系 症状帕特森青年使用定量和定性方法。 目标2：利用目标1的研究结果为基于社区和循证的物质的适应提供信息 对帕特森青年进行预防干预。 目标3：以帕特森青年为样本进行干预试点。 我假设，不同种族、性别、年龄和性别的人在风险和保护因素方面存在显著差异， 帕特森青年的社会经济状况该项目将使用多个数据源来告知调查结果和使用 准备在Paterson和其他城市实施更强大的R01临床试验申请的初步数据 这些城市将解释城市青年的独特差异。