Using polyneuro risk scores to understand the relationship between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage, neurobehavioral deviations, and problematic substance use

项目摘要/摘要 物质使用是一个主要的公共卫生问题，对低收入人群的影响不成比例。 社会经济地位(SES)背景。尽管这种联系的部分原因是经济下行 出现问题使用模式的个人之间的社会经济流动性，新的证据 提示该部分也可能反映了大脑发育中由劣势驱动的变化，这些变化增加了使用风险 以及与使用相关的负面结果。然而，因为许多支持这一假设的研究都认为 通道是横截面的，其特征是相关结构的测量有限，以及 在不成比例的白人、中上阶层样本中进行，通过 干预/预防努力尚不清楚。拟议的职业发展奖的目的如下 两方面：(1)培训候选人使用地理空间工具和相关的统计技术、神经成像 表征大脑结构和功能分布变化的方法、理论和原则 来自健康差距的研究，以及(2)使用这种培训来测试儿童和儿童之间的联系 社会经济地位、大脑结构和连通性，以及物质使用轨迹 使用三个具有人口代表性的纵向队列研究的种族/民族群体。候选人将会 在他的指导下，接受对他作为独立研究科学家的发展至关重要的培训 优秀的导师和顾问团队，具有广泛的社会经济地位研究经验 发展、自我调节、健康差距和物质使用(Sylia Wilson博士、Monica Luciana博士、 达米恩·费尔、舍文·阿萨里、玛莎·法拉和丹尼尔·贝里)。这项研究将在研究所进行 儿童发展中心(ICD)和明尼苏达州双胞胎和家庭研究中心(MCTFR)，这两个中心一起 提供无与伦比的资源来支持确定连接神经和行为介体的工作 儿童的早期生活环境和后来的物质使用。总的来说，候选人将提出四个具体的问题 目标：(1)测试来自低SES背景的儿童是否更有可能发展成问题物质 使用轨迹并确定这些关联是否适用于不同类型的物质使用； (2)检验儿童低SES是否与脑结构和静息状态的个体差异有关 与自我调节能力(即认知能力)相关联的跨分布式网络的功能连接 控制性、奖赏敏感性、负性情绪性)；(3)检验这些差异在分布神经中是否存在 网络在儿童低自尊与物质使用轨迹之间的联系中起中介作用；和(4)测试 对于种族/少数民族儿童和白人儿童，这些联系的强度是否不同 与边缘化相关的收益递减的概念。拟议项目的成果具有极大的潜力 迅速重新构思基于大脑的物质使用和成瘾模型，并反过来指导 预防和干预努力减少一个重要的行为健康差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Substance use is a major public health concern that disproportionately affects individuals from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Although part of this association is attributable to downward socioeconomic mobility among individuals who develop problematic patterns of use, emerging evidence suggests that part may also reflect disadvantage-driven changes in brain development that increase risk of use and negative use-related outcomes. However, because much of the research supporting this hypothesized pathway is cross-sectional in nature, characterized by limited measurement of relevant constructs, and conducted in disproportionately White, middle-/upper-class samples, the utility of targeting this pathway with intervention/prevention efforts is unclear. The aims of the proposed career development award are thus twofold: (1) to train the candidate in the use of geospatial tools and related statistical techniques, neuroimaging approaches to characterizing distributed changes in brain structure and function, and theory and principles from health disparities research, and (2) to use this training to test for associations between childhood socioeconomic status, brain structure and connectivity, and substance use trajectories that generalize across racial/ethnic groups using three population-representative, longitudinal cohort studies. The candidate will receive training essential for his development as an independent research scientist under the guidance of an outstanding team of mentors and consultants with extensive experience studying socioeconomic status, brain development, self-regulation, health disparities, and substance use (Drs. Sylia Wilson, Monica Luciana, Damien Fair, Shervin Assari, Martha Farah, and Daniel Berry). The research will be conducted at the Institute of Child Development (ICD) and Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research (MCTFR), which together offer unparalleled resources to support work identifying the neural and behavioral mediators connecting children’s early-life environments and later substance use. Altogether, the candidate will address four specific aims: (1) test whether children from low SES backgrounds are more likely to develop problematic substance use trajectories and establish whether these associations generalize across different types of substance use; (2) test whether low childhood SES is associated with individual differences in brain structure and resting-state functional connectivity across distributed networks associated with self-regulatory abilities (i.e., cognitive control, reward sensitivity, negative emotionality); (3) test whether these differences in distributed neural networks mediate associations between low childhood SES and substance use trajectories; and (4) test whether the strength of these associations differ for racial/ethnic minority vs. White children in accordance with the notion of marginalization-related diminished returns. Results of the proposed project have great potential to prompt reconceptualization of brain-based models of substance use and addiction, and, in turn, guide prevention and intervention efforts to reduce an important behavioral health disparity.