Neural and Clinical Biomarkers of Risk for ADHD: A Focus on Preschoolers

ADHD 风险的神经和临床生物标志物：关注学龄前儿童

• 批准号: 10624794
• 负责人: Mai Uchida
• 金额: $ 19.97万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10624794
• 关键词: Accidents; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Biometry; Board Certification; Brain; Cerebrum; Characteristics; Child; Child Behavior Checklist; Childhood; Clinical; Clinical Data; Data; Data Collection; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Disease; Dyslexia; Early identification; Education; Executive Dysfunction; Failure; Family Study; Future; Goals; Heritability; Impairment; Injury; Intervention; Laboratories; Leadership; Link; Measurement; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award; Mentorship; Monitor; Mood Disorders; Moods; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurobiology; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Parents; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Positioning Attribute; Psychiatrist; Psychopathology; Research Personnel; Risk; Sampling; School-Age Population; Short-Term Memory; Statistical Data Interpretation; Strategic Planning; Substance Use Disorder; Syndrome; Training; adverse outcome; career; clinical biomarkers; clinical diagnosis; clinical predictors; early childhood; early onset; elementary school; executive function; high risk; improved; longitudinal design; neural; neural circuit; neuroimaging; neuroimaging marker; offspring; predictive marker; preventive intervention; prospective; psychiatric comorbidity

PROJECT SUMMARY Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is an early onset, heritable, prevalent and morbid neurobiological disorder. While ADHD typically onsets in early childhood, there are lengthy delays in the identification of the disorder frequently spanning many years, putting the children at elevated risks for developing serious adverse consequences. This calls for improved efforts in early identification of young children at risk for ADHD. Such efforts can help preventive interventions that mitigate the progression to the full disorder and its morbid consequences. One opportunity to help identify children at risk for ADHD is through studying the preschool aged offspring of parents with ADHD. This is so because 1) the most common age of children getting the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is in the early elementary school years, hence the preschool years could be an ideal target for the early identification of children at risk for ADHD, and 2) ADHD is highly heritable, and offspring of parents with ADHD are at increased risk to develop the disorder. We have preliminary data that certain clinical and neuroimaging characteristics could predict which child will develop ADHD. To this end, my proposed study will include clinical and neuroimaging assessments of 100 pre-syndromatic preschoolers (ages 4-6) at risk for ADHD by virtue of having a parent with ADHD, and 50 control preschoolers whose parents do not have ADHD. The children will be followed prospectively for two years to be monitored whether they develop ADHD diagnosis or not. Our central aim is to identify clinical indicators and neural biomarkers of the risk for ADHD that will foretell which preschool aged, pre-syndromatic children will develop the disorder. I am a board-certified Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist who has had a clinical and scientific focus on early identification of pediatric psychopathology. In my early career, I utilized existing longitudinal clinical data of an ADHD family study to evaluate clinical predictors of mood and anxiety disorders. I also conducted neuroimaging studies examining neural biomarkers cross-sectionally associated with clinical indicators of adversity in older children and adults. To further develop my expertise and become an independent investigator in the field of early identification, training in statistical analysis, neuroimaging, early childhood, and prospective data collection is necessary. I believe that by leading the proposed study titled, “Neural and clinical biomarkers of risk for ADHD: A Focus on Preschoolers” which incorporates a longitudinal design involving preschool aged children assessing clinical and neuroimaging biomarkers of the risk for developing ADHD, along with a pointed training plan with didactics and mentorship that address my training goals, will help me establish independence.

项目概要 注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种早发、可遗传、普遍且病态的神经生物学疾病 紊乱。虽然多动症通常在儿童早期发病，但对病因的识别却存在很长的延迟。 疾病常常跨越多年，使儿童面临严重不良反应的风险增加 结果。这就需要加大力度及早识别有注意力缺陷多动症风险的幼儿。这样的 努力可以帮助采取预防性干预措施，减轻全面疾病及其病态的进展 结果。帮助识别有 ADHD 风险的儿童的一个机会是研究学龄前儿童 父母患有多动症的后代。之所以如此，是因为 1) 儿童接受临床检查的最常见年龄 ADHD 的诊断是在小学早期，因此学龄前儿童可能是理想的目标 用于早期识别有 ADHD 风险的儿童，以及 2) ADHD 具有高度遗传性，父母的后代 患有多动症的人患这种疾病的风险增加。我们有初步数据表明某些临床和 神经影像学特征可以预测哪个孩子会患上多动症。为此，我提出的研究将 包括对 100 名有 ADHD 风险的症状前学龄前儿童（4-6 岁）进行临床和神经影像学评估 父母患有注意力缺陷多动症（ADHD），以及 50 名父母没有患有注意力缺陷多动症（ADHD）的对照学龄前儿童。这 儿童将被前瞻性地跟踪两年，以监测他们是否患有 ADHD 诊断或 不是。我们的中心目标是确定 ADHD 风险的临床指标和神经生物标志物，从而预测 ADHD 的风险 学龄前、综合症前的儿童会患上这种疾病。 我是一名经过委员会认证的儿童和青少年精神病学家，专注于早期的临床和科学研究 儿科精神病理学的鉴定。在我的早期职业生涯中，我利用了现有的纵向临床数据 ADHD 家庭研究评估情绪和焦虑症的临床预测因素。我还进行了神经影像检查 研究横断面检查与老年人逆境临床指标相关的神经生物标志物 儿童和成人。进一步发展我的专业知识并成为早期领域的独立研究者 识别、统计分析、神经影像学、幼儿期和前瞻性数据收集方面的培训 必要的。我相信，通过领导题为“ADHD 风险的神经和临床生物标志物：A 关注学龄前儿童”，采用纵向设计，涉及学龄前儿童评估 患 ADHD 风险的临床和神经影像生物标志物，以及有针对性的训练计划 针对我的培训目标的教学和指导将帮助我建立独立性。