DEVELOPMENT OF EXPECTATIONS IN THE HUMAN INFANT

预期是对即将到来的事件的时间或地点的预测或预测。 事件将会发生或即将发生的事件是什么。证据表明 婴儿的期望能力在6-9岁之间发生显著变化 个月 目前工作的长期目标是探索 人类婴儿对事件发生时间的预期发展 事件将发生的地点，以及 即将到来的事件。沿着这些维度的发展 更坚定的期望（即，组织或 以有序或发达的形式建造），或者，更多 计算复杂（即，基于多个相互作用的维度） 三个实验描述了使用视觉预期程序 由海斯和他的同事开发的线索-目标程序 波斯纳和罗斯巴特用来评估对时间的预期， 3、6、9和12岁婴儿即将发生的事件的位置和身份 个月 每个实验都是为了测量一个方面， 期望通过使用三个独立的程序， 对这方面很敏感。每名婴儿将在所有三个测试 这样就可以计算出每个年龄段的总得分。 每个实验中的分析将探索特定的发展 实验之间的期望和分析方面将解决 跨方面的连续性或独立性问题。 该项目的健康相关性是， 婴儿的期望和如何衡量它们可能提供一个窗口， 皮质功能和功能障碍，因此与 正常发育的描述和创伤的诊断（例如， 闭合性头部损伤）和涉及额叶的疾病（例如，北京大学）。一 一小部分早期接受PKU治疗的婴儿将接受 在这里开发的程序。

An expectation is a projection or forecast about when or where an upcoming event will occur or what an upcoming event will be. Evidence suggests that the infant's capacity for expectations changes markedly between 6-9 months. The long-term objective of the present work is to explore the human infant's development of expectations about the time when an event will occur, the location where an event will occur, and the identity of the upcoming event. Development along these dimensions creates expectations that are more firmly vertebrated (i.e., organized or constructed in an orderly or developed form), or perhaps, more computationally complex (i.e., based upon multiple, interacting dimensions) Three experiments are described that use the visual expectation procedure developed by Haith and his colleagues and the cue-target procedure developed by Posner and Rothbart to assess expectations about the timing, location, and identity of upcoming events in infants at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Each experiment is designed to measure a single aspect of expectation through the use of three separate procedures that should be sensitive to that aspect. Each infant will be tested in all three procedures so that an aggregate score can be calculated at each age. Analysis within each experiment will explore the development of specific aspects of expectation and analysis between the experiments will address issues of cross-aspect continuity or independence. The health relatedness of the project is that an understanding of the infant's expectations and how to measure them may provide a window on cortical functioning and malfunctioning and is thus relevant for descriptions of normal development and for the diagnosis of trauma (e.g., closed head injury) and diseases with frontal involvement (e.g., PKU). A small sample of infants with early-treated PKU will be tested with the procedures developed here.