GENDER ROLE SOCIALIZATION IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD

新一代的社会化研究已经开始利用这种力量 在设计中固有的比较和对比家庭体验和 展现兄弟姐妹在“相同”中成长的心理发展 这项拟议的纵向研究考察了家庭状况 童年中期潜在的性别角色社会化，以及 这些家庭角色、关系和活动对 儿童性心理特征及其一般特征 心理社会功能，从两个不同的角度：(1)“家庭之间” 在不同条件的家庭中比较孩子的方法 父母的性别角色和兄弟姐妹的性别构成；以及 (2)强调差异化的“家庭内”方法 每个家庭中两个兄弟姐妹的性别角色社会化经验。 该样本包括200对兄弟姐妹，平均分布在四个兄弟姐妹中 可能的性别构成群体(例如，哥哥、妹妹； 哥哥、弟弟)和他们的父母。哥哥姐姐们 最初的年龄是10岁；弟弟妹妹的年龄是8岁。将收集数据 在3个年度测量点，以便在第三个时间点 年幼的兄弟姐妹将年满10岁，这样我们就可以比较兄弟姐妹的 经历：(1)在同一时间点(当兄弟姐妹年龄不同时)； 以及(2)当兄弟姐妹年龄相同时(使用在两岁时收集的数据 不同的时间)。每一波数据收集将涉及：(1)家 与母亲、父亲、兄妹就家庭问题进行访谈 人际关系、性别类型和心理社会功能(例如，感知 能力、学业成绩)；以及(2)一系列7个晚上的电话 对兄弟姐妹和父母的采访(一半是母亲，一半是 父亲；5个工作日，2个周末)收集特定活动的数据 在那一天参与(例如，参与家务；活动 母亲和父亲)。关于两者之间联系的假说 家庭社会化经历与儿童性别分型和 心理社会适应基于四个理论视角： 社会学习理论、人与环境匹配模型、女权主义理论、 以及发展论者对非共享家庭环境的看法。

A new generation of socialization research has begun to exploit the power inherent in designs that compare and contrast the family experiences and unfolding psychological development of siblings growing up in the "same family." The proposed longitudinal study examines the familial conditions underlying gender role socialization in middle childhood, as well as the implications of these family roles, relationships, and activities for children's sex-typed psychological characteristics and general psychosocial functioning, from two distinct angles: (1) a "between family" approach in which children are compared across families that vary in terms of parents' gender roles and the sex composition of the sibling dyad; and (2) a "within family" approach that emphasizes the differential experiences of gender role socialization for two siblings in each family. The sample includes 200 sibling pairs, evenly distributed across the four possible gender composition groups (e.g., older brother, younger sister; older brother, younger brother) and their parents. Older siblings initially will be age 10; younger siblings age 8. Data will be collected at 3 annual points of measurement such that at the third time point younger siblings will be age 10, allowing us to compare siblings' experiences: (1) at the same point in time (when siblings differ in age); and (2) when siblings are at the same age (using data collected at two different times). Data collection at each wave will involve: (1) home interviews with mother, father, older and younger siblings about family relationships, sex-typing, and psychosocial functioning (e.g., perceived competence; school achievement); and (2) a series of 7 evening telephone interviews with both siblings and parents (half with mother, half with father; 5 week days, 2 weekend days) to gather data on specific activities engaged in that day (e.g., participation in household chores; activities with mother vs. father). Hypotheses regarding the connections between family socialization experiences and children's sex-typing and psychosocial adjustment are grounded in four theoretical perspectives: social learning theory, a person-environment fit model, feminist theory, and developmentalists 'notions about the non-shared family environment.