Mobile Elements in Mammalian Genomes

描述：(由申请人提供)：为将于2009年7月5-10日在科罗拉多州斯诺马斯举行的第三届FASEB夏季会议“哺乳动物基因组中的可移动元素”申请部分支持。会议的目的是让对移动DNA有共同兴趣的不同研究人员聚集在一起，讨论移动元素如何影响并继续影响哺乳动物基因组的功能表达和进化的最新进展。该计划包括移动DNA的方方面面，包括对哺乳动物转座子的生物信息学、生化、进化和群体遗传学研究，以及利用可转座子进行饱和突变和基因传递的工作。比较基因组学为DNA在进化过程中的扩增、抑制和灭绝提供了强有力的证据。最近，对小分子抑制性RNA途径的详细研究为该途径的突变体中移动DNA的去抑制提供了强有力的证据；这两个领域的新兴界面将在这次会议上举行一次新的会议。还将增加研究的代表性，这些研究定义了基因组结构和功能中转座元件衍生的序列的各种角色。这次及时的会议将促进在这个快速发展的领域中的学生、博士后实习生和初级和高级主要研究人员之间分享令人兴奋的新发现、实验挑战和悬而未决的问题。 与公共卫生相关：移动DNA在塑造哺乳动物基因组的结构和功能方面已经并将继续发挥重要作用。逆转录转座可以在基因组中沉积新的可移动DNA拷贝，导致基因中断、相邻基因的修饰表达和相邻DNA的转导；在DNA水平上，由此产生的散布的重复序列可能会产生新的调控网络，或者为错配序列的同源重组提供底物，导致基因复制、缺失、外显子改组和染色体易位。人类基因组中移动DNA的存在和运动引起的任何一种动态事件都可能导致疾病，包括减数分裂失败和不育，血友病和肌肉营养不良等遗传性疾病，以及乳腺癌和结肠癌等躯体疾病。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant): Partial support is requested for the third FASEB Summer Conference, "Mobile Elements in Mammalian Genomes" which will be held in Snowmass, CO, July 5-10, 2009. The objective of the meeting is to bring together a diverse group of investigators with a common interest in mobile DNA to discuss recent advances in how mobile elements have impacted and continue to influence the functional expression and evolution of mammalian genomes. The program comprises all aspects of mobile DNA including bioinformatics, biochemical, evolutionary, and population genetic studies on mammalian transposable elements, as well as work to exploit transposable elements for saturation mutagenesis and gene delivery. Comparative genomics provides strong evidence for mobile DNA amplification, repression and extinction in evolutionary time. Recently, detailed studies of the small inhibitory RNA pathway have provided strong evidence for derepression of mobile DNA in mutants of this pathway; the emerging interface of these two fields will be represented by a new session at this meeting. There will also be increased representation of studies that define a variety of roles for sequences derived from transposable elements in genome architecture and function. This timely conference will facilitate the sharing of exciting new findings, experimental challenges, and outstanding questions in this rapidly evolving field among students, post-doctoral trainees, and junior and senior principal investigators. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Mobile DNA has played, and continues to play a major role in shaping the structure and function of the mammalian genome. Retrotransposition deposits new copies of mobile DNA throughout the genome which can lead to gene disruption, modified expression of adjacent genes, and transduction of neighboring DNA; at the DNA level the resulting interspersed repeated sequences may give rise to novel regulatory networks, or provide a substrate for homologous recombination of mispaired sequences, leading to gene duplication, deletion, exon shuffling and chromosome translocation. Any one of the dynamic events caused by the presence and movement of mobile DNA in the human genome may lead to disease, including meiotic failure and infertility, inherited genetic diseases such as hemophilia and muscular dystrophy, and somatic diseases such as breast and colon cancer.