Incarceration Effects on Prevention of Drug Use, STI-HIV and Recidivism

监禁对预防吸毒、性传播感染艾滋病毒和累犯的影响

• 批准号: 7884973
• 负责人: Sage J. Kim
• 金额: $ 24.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-20 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7884973
• 关键词: Affect; African American; Alcohol dependence; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Characteristics; Child Abuse; Communities; Complex; Criminal Justice; Data; Disadvantaged; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Education; Employment; Exhibits; Female; General Population; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Health; Healthcare; Imprisonment; Individual; Infection; Interview; Jail; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Longitudinal Surveys; Maps; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Minority; Minority Groups; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poverty; Prisoner; Probability; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Sex Behavior; Social Health Services; Social Network; Social Work; Social support; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Time; Urban Population; Violence; Woman; cohort; community living; drug abuse prevention; experience; health disparity; high risk; high risk sexual behavior; human capital; improved; men; offender; primary outcome; recidivism; reincarceration; secondary outcome; segregation; service utilization; social; socioeconomics

Incarcerated women are often affected by childhood abuse, violence, and other difficult life circumstances throughout their life course, and typically come from disproportionately disadvantaged neighborhoods. However, relatively less research has examined how neighborhood characteristics and incarceration interact with inmates' risk factors. Although several criminal justice studies demonstrated that excessive incarceration may exacerbate community disadvantages and instability as a large proportion of residents constantly move between jail and community, the impact of neighborhood disadvantages on inmates' health outcomes, such as drug use and sexual risks have not been examined. Furthermore, while the rate of female incarceration has steadily increased over the past 20 years, previous studies predominantly concern with men, and women's unique life trajectories of incarceration, sexual risks, and drug use have been less understood. The study proposes to examine the impact and consequences of incarceration on the patterns of substance use, risky sexual behaviors, and recidivism among female inmates who are returning to the community from a large urban jail. The proposed conceptual model will be tested explaining the ecological factors associated with incarceration, and the impact of incarceration on drug use, STls/HlV risks, and recidivism among female inmates. To achieve the objectives, the proposed study will conduct: 1) qualitative in-depth interviews with women in jail exploring their experience with incarceration, changes in social networks and support, health concerns, health care and social services utilization, expected challenges upon release, and needs for successful transition to community life; 2) face-to-face longitudinal surveys with a cohort of female inmates at three time points (baseline in jail, and two weeks and three months post-release) to examine primary outcomes (relapse to drug use, risks for STIs/HlV infection, recidivism), secondary outcomes, and mediators (social network, social support); and 3) multi-level analysis and mapping to explore the effects of neighborhood disadvantage and instability, the rates of incarceration and STIs on women's outcomes.

被监禁的妇女经常受到童年虐待、暴力和其他困难生活环境的影响 在他们的整个生命过程中，他们通常来自极其弱势的社区。 然而，关于社区特征和监禁如何与囚犯风险因素相互作用的研究相对较少。尽管一些刑事司法研究表明，由于很大一部分居民不断在监狱和社区之间流动，过度监禁可能会加剧社区的劣势和不稳定，但社区劣势对囚犯健康结果（例如吸毒和性风险）的影响尚未得到研究。此外，虽然过去 20 年来女性入狱率稳步上升，但之前的研究主要关注男性，而对女性独特的入狱生活轨迹、性风险和吸毒了解较少。 该研究旨在研究监禁对从大型城市监狱返回社区的女囚犯的药物使用模式、危险性行为和累犯的影响和后果。所提出的概念模型将进行测试，以解释与监禁相关的生态因素，以及监禁对吸毒、STIs/HIV 风险和女性囚犯累犯的影响。为了实现这些目标，拟议的研究将进行：1）对监狱中的妇女进行定性深入访谈，探讨她们的监禁经历、社交网络和支持的变化、健康问题、医疗保健和社会服务利用、释放后的预期挑战以及成功过渡到社区生活的需求； 2) 在三个时间点（入狱基线、出狱后两周和三个月）对一组女囚犯进行面对面纵向调查，以检查主要结果（吸毒复发、性传播感染/艾滋病毒感染风险、累犯）、次要结果和中介因素（社交网络、社会支持）； 3) 多层次分析和绘图，探讨邻里劣势和不稳定、监禁率和性传播感染对妇女结局的影响。