Neurobiological Mechanisms of Impulse Control Problems

冲动控制问题的神经生物学机制

• 批准号: 7904182
• 负责人: Edward M. Bernat
• 金额: $ 14.58万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7904182
• 关键词: Address; Aggressive behavior; Anterior; Area; Attenuated; Award; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Communities; Complex; Computing Methodologies; Cues; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Dependence; Development; Disease; EP300 gene; Electroencephalography; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Feedback; Frequencies; Goals; Growth; Hand; Imprisonment; Impulsivity; Individual; Joints; Label; Learning; Link; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Neurobiology; P300 Event-Related Potentials; Participant; Personality Traits; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Prisoner; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Sampling; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Specificity; Substance Addiction; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Training Activity; Work; anti social; base; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; imaging modality; neurobiological mechanism; neuromechanism; programs; relating to nervous system; response; skills; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad aim of the proposed program of work is to investigate neurobiological and cognitive mechanisms underlying impulse control (externalizing) problems. The proposed work builds on the applicant's involvement in the development of a hierarchical model of externalizing. The core idea of this model is that a general vulnerability factor, labeled externalizing, underlies and unites psychopathological syndromes involving antisocial behavior and substance dependence, as well as personality traits reflecting impulsivity and aggression. These problems are conceptualized in terms of deficits involving anterior brain regions, although researchers are only really beginning to understand how these regions work. The most established correlate of externalizing problems is reduced amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) brain component. However, neural mechanisms underlying P300 are distributed and not well understood. Thus, studies of P300 amplitude reductions have not produced good models about the neural mechanisms involved. Researchers have recently begun investigating amplitude reductions in the error-related negativity (ERN) ERP brain component related to externalizing-related disorders. The ERN is understood to involve a relatively strong activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), providing a clearer target for study. Current models of the ERN suggest that it is best understood as an ACC activation which is influenced by other brain regions depending on the circumstances, particularly the PFC. The goal of the proposed work is to investigate the roles of the PFC and ACC during the ERN under different task circumstances, and then to investigate how these relationships are modulated in individuals with externalizing problems. The primary training components involve developing skills in direct approaches to the measurement of specific brain regions to address the question of the relationship between the PFC and ACC in externalizing psychopathology. Recent years have seen incredible growth in methods for localizing neural sources, and currently available techniques offer strong possibilities for inferring ACC and PFC sources using ERP, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and combined (multimodal) ERP and MRI approaches. The proposed training activities would provide training in all three approaches, with mentorship by a leading expert in this field. The candidate also brings strong expertise in joint time-frequency (TF) analysis, an emerging computational method for electrophysiological signals. An important secondary goal is to integrate TF approaches with these neural source localization methods, to create cutting-edge methods neural source methods. The long term goal is for the candidate to become an independent investigator focused on externalizing psychopathology, employing cutting-edge methods for inferring neural sources as described.

描述(由申请人提供)：拟议工作计划的广泛目标是调查潜在的冲动控制(外化)问题的神经生物学和认知机制。拟议的工作建立在申请者参与制定外部化的分层模型的基础上。这个模型的核心思想是，一个被标记为外化的一般脆弱因素，支撑和统一了涉及反社会行为和物质依赖的精神病理症状，以及反映冲动和攻击性的人格特征。这些问题是根据涉及大脑前部区域的缺陷来概念化的，尽管研究人员才真正开始了解这些区域是如何工作的。外部性问题最确定的相关性是P300事件相关电位(ERP)脑成分的波幅降低。然而，P300的神经机制是分布的，并没有被很好地理解。因此，对P300波幅降低的研究并没有产生关于所涉及的神经机制的良好模型。研究人员最近开始研究与外化相关障碍相关的错误相关负波(ERN)脑部成分的幅度降低。据了解，ERN涉及相对较强的前扣带回皮质(ACC)的激活，为研究提供了更明确的靶点。目前的ERN模型表明，它最好被理解为ACC的激活，根据环境的不同，受其他大脑区域的影响，特别是PFC。这项拟议工作的目的是调查在不同任务环境下PFC和ACC在ERN中的作用，然后调查这些关系在有外部性问题的个体中是如何调节的。主要培训部分包括培养直接测量特定大脑区域的技能，以解决PFC和ACC在外化精神病理学方面的关系问题。近年来，定位神经源的方法有了惊人的增长，目前可用的技术为使用ERP、磁共振成像(MRI)以及联合(多模式)ERP和MRI方法推断ACC和PFC源提供了强大的可能性。拟议的培训活动将在这一领域的一名主要专家的指导下，提供所有三种方法的培训。这位候选人还在联合时频(TF)分析方面拥有丰富的专业知识，这是一种新兴的电生理信号计算方法。一个重要的次要目标是将TF方法与这些神经源定位方法相结合，创造出前沿方法神经源方法。长期目标是候选人成为一名独立的调查者，专注于精神病理学的外化，使用尖端方法来推断神经来源，如所述。