Implementation of a Sexual Health Intervention for YMSM in Two Vietnamese Cities

描述（由申请人提供）：监测和行为流行病学研究表明，越南年轻男性性工作者（YMSWs）与多名并发性伴侣（包括男性和女性伴侣）发生无保护性行为的比例很高，这导致了性传播感染和艾滋病毒的高发，并加剧了本已很高的艾滋病毒发病率。对现有预防规划的了解程度很低，在艾滋病毒知识和减少性风险技能方面存在重大差距。现有的社区外展活动主要是针对同性恋的YMSM。此外，由于在卫生保健环境中存在极大的污名化和歧视风险，很少有女青年从事并保留保护性卫生服务（包括性传播感染/艾滋病毒筛查、乙型肝炎病毒/人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种以及与艾滋病毒护理的早期联系）。我们的美国/越南合作研究小组在过去八年中一直在nida资助的高风险青年人群中进行艾滋病毒研究，包括女青年。在我们先前工作中取得的大量研究能力和卫生服务基础设施的基础上，我们建议通过在越南两个战略选择的城市（河内和胡志明市）实施针对女青年的综合干预方案，解决社区外媒和卫生服务获取方面的这些差距。我们将把性健康促进作为一个概念框架，结合已经证明行之有效的干预技术——社区外展护理和性健康促进干预措施——以扩大外展覆盖范围，促进参与和保留卫生服务。将实现很大程度的外展覆盖（估计有12 000名外展联系人），并将提供大量保健服务（2 400名保健服务参与者）。将采用包括人类学民族志、社会和行为流行病学以及保健服务评估在内的混合方法，对社区外展和保健服务干预进行过程和结果评估。在实施社区外展和保健服务干预之前和之后进行的反复横断面调查将记录社区层面外展接触的增加、对行为艾滋病毒风险的知识和认识的增加、减减性风险技能的提高和对以诊所为基础的性健康促进干预的参与，从而表明对保健服务的有效参与和保留。对实施科学特别感兴趣的是，定性和定量分析将评估城市之间在干预措施的吸收和有效性方面的差异，这些数据将使我们了解干预措施的影响、适应性和普遍性，并指导未来的传播。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Both surveillance and behavioral epidemiological studies show that young male sex workers (YMSWs) in Vietnam have high rates of unprotected sex with multiple, concurrent partners - including both male and female partners - contributing to high rates of STIs and HIV and amplifying already high HIV incidence. Exposure to existing prevention programming is low, with major gaps in HIV knowledge and sexual risk reduction skills. Existing community outreach activities have primarily reached gay-identified YMSM. Moreover, owing to profound risk for stigma and discrimination in health care settings, few YMSW are engaged and retained in protective health services (including STI/HIV screening, HBV/HPV vaccination, and early linkages to HIV care). Our collaborative US/Vietnam research team has been conducting NIDA-funded HIV research among high risk youth populations, including YMSWs, for the past eight years. Building on the substantial research capacity and health services infrastructure that has been achieved in our prior work, we propose to address these gaps in community outreach and health services access by implementing a composite intervention package targeted to YMSWs in the two strategically selected cities in Vietnam (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City). Using Sexual Health Promotion as a conceptual framework, we will combine already proven intervention technologies - community outreach nursing and sexual health promotion interventions - to enhance outreach coverage and to foster engagement and retention in health services. Significant levels of outreach coverage will be achieved (with an estimated 12,000 outreach contacts) and substantial numbers of health services will be delivered (2,400 health services participants). Using a mixed-methods approach that includes anthropological ethnography, social and behavioral epidemiology, and health services assessments, process and outcomes evaluation of both the community outreach and health services intervention will be undertaken. Repeated cross-sectional surveys, administered both prior to and following implementation of the community outreach and health services intervention, will document community-level increases in exposure to outreach, increased knowledge and awareness of behavioral HIV risk, increased sexual risk reduction skills and participation in the clinic-based sexual health promotion intervention, thus demonstrating effective engagement and retention in health services. Of particular interest to implementation science, both qualitative and quantitative analysis will assess between-city differences in intervention uptake and effectiveness, data that will inform our understanding of the impact, adaptability, and generalizability of the intervention and guide future dissemination.