An eddy covariance system for measuring evaporative fluxes in the Quesnel river basin, British Columbia

在过去的一个世纪里，人为排放的二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体导致全球地表气温上升了约0.6摄氏度。随着温室气体排放的加剧，这一趋势预计将在下个世纪加速。一些最大的环境变化将发生在高纬度和高海拔地区，这些地区的地表能量收支对冰雪覆盖的变化高度敏感。因此，全球变暖将对北部山区流域的水资源收支产生重大影响，如不列颠哥伦比亚省的奎斯内尔河流域（QRB）。奎斯奈尔河（Quesnel River）的流域面积为11500平方公里，平均海拔为1400米，地形多变（有山也有平），它包含了不列颠哥伦比亚省内陆一些最潮湿和最干燥的地区。虽然未来的降水可能会增加，因为大气在较暖的温度下保持水蒸气的能力增强了，但尚不清楚额外输入的淡水在降落到陆地表面后将如何分配。我的研究项目的目标是获得和维持QRB水收支条件的长期气候学，并探索气候变率和变化对包括蒸发在内的水通量的影响。该提案寻求资助涡流相关方差系统，该系统将测量风速和水蒸气的三维波动，并从中推断蒸发通量。该系统将补充QRB现有和正在开发的观测网络，并为验证QRB水循环的数值模拟提供关键数据。由于QRB是弗雷泽河（Fraser River）的主要支流，是太平洋鲑鱼的主要产卵区，并支持活跃的伐木、农业和旅游业以及其他商业活动，因此对气候变化和变化对QRB水收支的作用有很好的了解至关重要。

The anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane has caused global surface air temperatures to rise by about 0.6°C during the past century.  This trend is expected to accelerate in the next century as greenhouse gas emissions intensify.  Some of the greatest environmental changes will be in high-latitude and high altitude regions where the surface energy budget is highly sensitive to modifications in snow and ice covers.  Global warming will therefore have significant repercussions on the water budget of northern mountainous watersheds such as the Quesnel River Basin (QRB) of British Columbia (BC). The Quesnel River drains an area of 11,500 square kilometres of variable (mountainous to flat) terrain at a mean elevation of 1400 m, and it encompasses some of the wettest and driest areas of BC's interior. Although future precipitation is likely to increase owing to the enhanced capacity of the atmosphere to hold water vapour at warmer temperatures, it is unknown how the additional input of freshwater will be partitioned after falling on the land surface. The goals of my research program are to obtain and maintain a long-term climatology of water budget terms for the QRB and to explore the effects of climate variability and change on water fluxes including evaporation. This proposal seeks funding for an eddy covariance system that will measure 3-dimensional fluctutations in wind speed and water vapour from which the evaporative flux will be deduced. This system will complement the existing and developing observational network in the QRB and provide critical data for the validation of numerical simulations of the QRB water cycle. A good understanding of the role of climate variability and change on the QRB water budget is critical since it is a major tributary of the Fraser River, constitutes a major spawning area for Pacific salmon, and supports active logging, agricultural, and tourism industries, among other commercial activities.