Aerodynamical studies of enviromental flows related to fluid-structure interactions

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This research work is related to the study of wind engineering with an emphasis on i) unsteady flows around model buildings, along with complementary work in ii) micro-scale wind simulations over sites for the development of wind farms (experimental and numerical simulation of the lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer). The objective of this work is to model, to measure and to characterize the unsteady phenomena related to flow structures around model buildings in relationship with the direction of the incoming wind. We will in particular study the stability of various observed phenomena and their transformation from one state to the other. To do this, simultaneous velocity measurements in the immediate vicinity of model buildings and pressure measurements on the surfaces will be undertaken. The simultaneity of measurements will allow correlation between the unsteady structures of the flow with the pressures exerted on the model buildings. We will thus be able to estimate the real wind loads, including peak loads, that are present on different buildings. The results should add to the knowledge concerning peak pressure estimations induced by wind. The second part of the proposal, a component of a more comprehensive, collaborative research program related to the development of wind energy, is to quantify the wind distribution over different sites identified for the installation of wind farms. Wind maps, wind statistics and atmospheric boundary layer profiles are essential tools used to better estimate peak wind loads on structures like buildings and wind turbines located on a site. To realize this project, several innovative tools will be used, in particular specialized computer programs for wind modelling and wind tunnel measurements. It is also planned to install meteorological stations on different sites in order to confirm the wind speeds for those sites. It will then be possible to use the atmospheric boundary layer data of the sites to model both numerically and experimentally the peak wind loads on different structures. Wind loads on these structures will be correlated with the wind speeds and wind direction, in particular wind turbine towers. Better and more economical structural design will then be possible.