QCD and Standard Model Effects in Strong, Weak and Electromagnetically Interacting Systems

目前的所有证据都表明，粒子物理的标准模型是成功描述宇宙中所有低能量现象所需的正确的基本理论。在该模型中，强相互作用(例如，负责将中子和质子结合到原子核中)用量子色动力学(QCD)来描述，而弱相互作用和电磁相互作用则用Glasow，Weinberg和Salam的统一电弱理论来描述。由于与这些尺度上的强相互作用的强度相关的技术原因，理解标准模型在低能量下对感受到强相互作用(强子)的系统的精确含义被证明是一项困难的任务。如此强烈的相互作用使涉及强子的所有过程的技术计算变得复杂。这不仅适用于那些由强相互作用调节的过程，也适用于那些由弱相互作用和电磁相互作用调节的过程，因为后者通过量子修正被强力以一种不平凡的方式改变。在这个提议中，一些技术(包括“QCD求和规则”、“手征微扰理论”和“格点规范理论”)将被用来(I)产生对强子过程和性质的定量预测，以及(Ii)允许精确地确定标准模型的一些基本参数，这些基本参数代表了宇宙中发生的低能现象的基本观测数据。

All current evidence points to the Standard Model of particle physics as the correct basic theory needed to successfully describe all low-energy phenomena in the universe. In the model, the strong interactions (responsible, for example, for binding neutrons and protons into atomic nuclei) are described using Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), while the weak and electromagnetic interactions are described using the unified electroweak theory of Glashow, Weinberg and Salam. Understanding the precise implications of the Standard Model, at low energies, for systems which feel the strong interactions (hadrons) turns out to be a difficult task, for technical reasons associated with the strength of the strong interaction at these scales. Such strong interactions complicate technical calculations for all processes involving hadrons. This is true not only for those processes mediated by the strong interaction, but also for those mediated by weak and electromagnetic interactions since the latter are altered in a non-trivial way by the strong force through quantum corrections. In this proposal a number of techniques (including "QCD sum rules", "Chiral Perturbation Theory" and "lattice gauge theory") will be employed to (i) produce quantitative predictions for hadronic processes and properties, and (ii) allow precision determinations of a number of the basic parameters of the Standard Model, which represent the fundamental observables for low-energy phenomena occuring in the universe.