Investigation of chromosome pairing, synaptonemal complex formation and reciprocal genetic exchange during meiosis in arabidopsis thaliana

拟南芥减数分裂过程中染色体配对、联会复合体形成和相互遗传交换的研究

• 批准号: 203655-2007
• 负责人: Hasenkampf, Claire
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=362393
• 关键词: Investigation; chromosome; pairing; synaptonemal; complex

I seek NSERC funds to study chromosomes during meiosis. Higher organisms such as humans are diploids.  This means human adults have two complete sets of chromosomes; one set received from the mother and one set is received from the father. The counterpart chromosomes received from each parent are called homologous chromosomes.  For example an individual gets a chromosome #1 from mom and another copy of chromosome #1 from dad.  These two copies of chromosome #1 are called homologous chromosomes.  An individual gets a chromosome #2 from mom and another copy of chromosome #2 from dad, etc.  Diploid organisms therefore have two versions of each of its different chromosomes.     Even though diploid organisms have two complete sets of chromosomes, they must only give one complete set (called a haploid set) to their offspring.  Diploid adults produce haploid sets for their gametes.  Gametes from each parent can combine during fertilization to form diploid zygotes.  Meiosis is the specialized nuclear division whereby the chromosome number is reduced (from diploid to haploid number) in anticipation of fertilization.     During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange homologous segments.  The exchanges are vital to the production of functional gametes. I propose to study chromosome organization for the pairing up and exchange processes in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and to characterize the meiotic function of individual genes.     The work can further our understanding of the processes of chromosome pairing and reciprocal genetic exchange. Because these processes are vital to normal sexual reproduction, they are highly conserved.  Understanding meiosis in Arabidopsis can lead to a better understanding of meiosis in both plants and animals.  Errors in meiosis lead to the production of genetically imbalanced gametes that can lead to birth defects or death.  Understanding meiosis can also lead to better strategies for plant and livestock breeding programs.  Thus the proposed research on meiosis could impact upon such diverse problems as crop and livestock improvement, and understanding birth defects in humans.

我在寻求国家安全研究中心的资金来研究减数分裂过程中的染色体。高等生物如人类是二倍体，这意味着成年人有两套完整的染色体，一套来自母亲，一套来自父亲。从每个父母那里得到的配对染色体被称为同源染色体。例如，一个个体从妈妈那里得到一条染色体#1，从爸爸那里得到另一条染色体#1。这两条染色体#1被称为同源染色体。一个个体从妈妈那里得到一条染色体#2，从爸爸那里得到另一条染色体#2，因此，二倍体生物体的每一条不同的染色体都有两个版本。 虽然二倍体生物有两套完整的染色体，但它们只能给后代一套完整的染色体（称为单倍体染色体）。二倍体成体为它们的配子产生单倍体染色体。来自每个亲本的配子可以在受精过程中联合收割机结合形成二倍体合子。减数分裂是细胞核的特殊分裂，染色体数目减少（从二倍体减少到单倍体数目），以期待受精。 在减数分裂过程中，同源染色体配对并交换同源片段，这种交换对功能配子的产生至关重要。我建议研究染色体组织的配对和交换过程中的高等植物拟南芥，并表征减数分裂功能的个别基因。 这项工作有助于我们进一步了解染色体配对和相互遗传交换的过程。因为这些过程对正常的有性生殖至关重要，它们是高度保守的。了解拟南芥的减数分裂可以更好地了解植物和动物的减数分裂。减数分裂中的错误会导致产生遗传不平衡的配子，从而导致出生缺陷或死亡。了解减数分裂也可以为植物和牲畜育种计划带来更好的策略。因此，拟议的研究对减数分裂的研究可能会影响到诸如作物和牲畜改良以及对人类出生缺陷的理解等各种问题。