Tides, tectronics and sedimentation

潮汐、构造和沉积

• 批准号: 7553-2006
• 负责人: Dalrymple, Robert
• 金额: $ 3.22万
• 依托单位: Queen's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=364200
• 关键词: Tides; tectronics; sedimentation

Sedimentary rocks contain nearly our only record of the history of the Earth's surface, and host almost all of our petroleum and groundwater resources. Of all sedimentary deposits, those that accumulate in the coastal zone are the most complex because they are influenced by virtually all terrestrial and marine processes. While traditional facies and sequence-stratigraphic models allow us to identify and interpret most coastal deposits with at least moderate confidence and detail, those for tidal environments lack sophistication, in part because they have been overlooked. This has occurred because tidal facies models were among the first to be developed (e.g., that for tidal flats), and because most coastal zones are considered to be wave dominated. However, tidal processes operate in all marine coastal settings. Furthermore, it has been recognized recently that significant hydrocarbon reserves, including the Athabasca Oil Sands, occur in tidal deposits; thus, it imperative that we increase our understanding of this complex array of coastal environments. The interpretation of tidal deposits is inherently more complex than that of wave-dominated successions because of pervasive channeling and the non-monotonic changes in facies characteristics (i.e., there is no direct correlation with water depth as there is with wave-generated structures). The heterolithic nature of tidal deposits that occurs because of the stop-start nature of tidal currents makes it very difficult to extract hydrocarbons from such deposits. The research that I propose to undertake is designed to increase our fundamental understanding of the dynamics and facies architecture of tidal environments, by undertaking a unique, integrated examination of selected modern and ancient deposits, supplemented by experimental work. The research program is international in scope, utilizing the very best localities (many of them classic sites) from around the world, in order to maximize the value of the research. Study areas include modern deposits in South Korea and the eastern U.S., and ancient deposits in western Canada, Spain, Norway, and the western U.S. Six graduate students and 2-3 post-doctoral fellows will receive training in the course of this research.

沉积岩几乎包含了我们对地球表面历史的唯一记录，并承载了我们几乎所有的石油和地下水资源。在所有沉积矿床中，那些在沿海地区积聚的矿床最为复杂，因为它们受到几乎所有陆地和海洋过程的影响。虽然传统的相和层序地层模型使我们能够识别和解释大多数海岸沉积物，至少有适度的信心和细节，潮汐环境的那些缺乏复杂性，部分原因是它们被忽视了。这是因为潮汐相模型是最早开发的模型之一（例如，这是因为大多数沿海地区被认为是波浪主导的。然而，潮汐过程在所有海洋沿海环境中都起作用。此外，最近人们认识到，重要的碳氢化合物储量，包括阿萨巴斯卡油砂，发生在潮汐沉积物中;因此，我们必须增加对这种复杂的沿海环境的了解。潮汐沉积的解释本质上比波浪主导的层序更复杂，因为普遍的沟道和相特征的非单调变化（即，与水深没有直接的相关性，而与波浪产生的结构有直接的相关性）。潮汐沉积物的非均质是由于潮汐流的时断时续的性质造成的，这使得从这种沉积物中提取碳氢化合物非常困难。我建议进行的研究旨在增加我们对潮汐环境的动力学和相结构的基本理解，通过对选定的现代和古代沉积物进行独特的综合检查，并辅以实验工作。该研究计划是国际范围内，利用来自世界各地的最好的地方（其中许多是经典网站），以最大限度地发挥研究的价值。研究区域包括韩国和美国东部的现代矿床，加拿大西部，西班牙，挪威和美国西部的六名研究生和2-3名博士后研究员将在这项研究过程中接受培训。