Riverscape organisation, anthropogenic disturbances and salmonid habitat

河流景观组织、人为干扰和鲑鱼栖息地

• 批准号: 105688-2007
• 负责人: Lapointe, Michel
• 金额: $ 2.21万
• 依托单位: McGill University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=364184
• 关键词: Riverscape; organisation; anthropogenic; disturbances; salmonid

Salmon fisheries play a role in the regional economies along both coasts of Canada while trout angling is an important recreational industry in the Canadian interior. Substantial funds are currently spent on the rehabilitation and management of freshwater salmonid (salmon, trout) habitat, under threat from damming, improper forestry and farm practices, highway construction, etc.  To minimize habitat degradation or to be more effective in rehabilitation, it is important to understand where the most productive or most sensitive habitats  are located along a river. This research proposes to apply novel models of river landscape structure (sedimentary link models) to better answer these questions.Salmon production in freshwaters can critically depend on a complex juxtaposition of different stream habitat types within a  watershed: lakes, pool-riffle cobble reaches, boulder rapid reaches etc.; insuring, within distances that individual fish can  swim as they grow, clean, gravel-cobble reaches for reproduction and fry rearing, boulder-rich sections for rearing of older salmon parr, and finally thermal refugia and backchannel zones that allow survival through periods of heat stress in summer and ice-related stress in winter. The proposed research program uses novel geomatics, air photo and field techniques to understand the geomorphic controls on salmonid habitat acting across these spatial scales and applying this knowledge to habitat management and conservation. A major research focus is to test hypotheses concerning the effects on salmon abundances of details of riverscape structure (length  and organisation of 'sedimentary links' along valleys, spacing and distribution of bedrock canyons, of boulder rich zones, of   cool water tributaries, etc).

鲑鱼渔业在加拿大两岸的区域经济中发挥着重要作用，而鳟鱼垂钓是加拿大内陆重要的娱乐产业。大量资金目前用于恢复和管理淡水鲑鱼（鲑鱼、鳟鱼）生境，这些生境受到筑坝、不适当的林业和农业做法、公路建设等的威胁。为了最大限度地减少生境退化或更有效地进行恢复，重要的是要了解最具生产力或最敏感的生境位于河流沿岸。本研究提出应用新的河流景观结构模型（沉积联系模型）来更好地回答这些问题。淡水中的鲑鱼产量可能严重依赖于分水岭内不同溪流栖息地类型的复杂并置：湖泊，池纹卵石河段，卵石河段等；为了保证每条鱼在生长过程中可以游到的距离，有干净的砾石-鹅卵石河段用于繁殖和培育鱼苗，有富含巨石的河段用于饲养年长的鲑鱼，最后是热避难所和后河道区，它们可以让鱼在夏季的高温压力和冬季的冰雪压力下存活下来。提出的研究计划使用新的地理信息学，航空照片和实地技术来了解这些空间尺度上对鲑鱼栖息地的地貌控制，并将这些知识应用于栖息地管理和保护。一个主要的研究重点是测试关于河流景观结构细节对鲑鱼丰度影响的假设（沿着山谷的“沉积链接”的长度和组织，基岩峡谷的间距和分布，巨石富集区，冷水支流等）。