Development of new methods and techniques for engineering surveys

最近的灾难性灾害，如：在新奥尔良的堤坝和桥梁的故障，在蒙特利尔的立交桥的故障，在德国，波兰和俄罗斯的大型土木结构的屋顶倒塌，在加州和菲律宾的滑坡，以及在中国的煤矿深部岩石破坏和生命损失显着增加了对改进现有的和开发新的变形监测系统的需求。自动化、多传感器集成、连续数据采集、综合分析以及提高形变测量的精度和可靠性是该研究中需要解决的关键问题。申请人及其在UNB加拿大大地测量工程中心（CCGE）的同事自70年代中期以来一直参与开发监测结构和地面变形的新方法和技术。在过去的二十年中，CCGE已经获得了世界公认，成为开发和实施新技术和方法的领先中心之一，用于监测，建模和预测结构和地面变形。一个例子是最近开发的ALERT软件套件，用于全自动和连续监测变形。在过去的5年中，ALERT系统已经商业化，并在加拿大，美国，智利和委内瑞拉的大型土坝和露天矿监测中使用。当前版本的ALERT使用与GPS接收器连接的大地测量机器人全站仪（RTS）。该版本虽然非常适合其当前的应用，但无法完全满足所有监测需求。为了满足结构监测的需要（例如，大型结构、隧道、管道、桥梁的屋顶监测），将通过额外的大地测量和各种岩土传感器来增强ALERT系统，以提供通用的全自动多传感器监测系统。重点将放在使用新型光纤应变仪、倾斜仪、伪卫星（类似全球定位系统信号的地面发射器）和地面雷达干涉测量系统。将开发一种方法，用于设计多传感器监测调查，使用确定性变形建模。

Recent catastrophic disasters such as: failures of levees and bridges in New Orleans; failure of overpasses in Montreal; collapses of roofs of large civil structures in Germany, Poland, and Russia; land slides in California and the Philippines; and rock failures and loss of lives in deep coal mines in China have dramatically increased demand for improving the existing and developing new deformation monitoring systems. Automation, multi-sensor integration, continuous data collection, integrated analysis, and enhanced accuracy and reliability of deformation surveys are the key issues to be addressed in the proposed research. The applicant and his associates at the Canadian Centre for Geodetic Engineering (CCGE) at UNB have been involved in the development of new methods and techniques for monitoring structural and ground deformations since mid '70s. Over the past two decades CCGE has gained world recognition as being among the leading centres in the development and implementation of new techniques and methods for monitoring, modeling, and prediction of structural and ground deformations. One example is the recent development of the ALERT software suite for fully automated and continuous monitoring of deformations. Over the last 5 years, the ALERT system has been commercialized and employed in monitoring large earth dams and open pit mines in Canada, USA, Chile, and Venezuela. The current version of ALERT uses geodetic Robotic Total Stations (RTS) linked with GPS receivers. This version, though perfectly suited to its current applications, would be unable to completely satisfy all monitoring needs. In order to satisfy needs of structural monitoring (e.g. monitoring of roofs of large structures, tunnels, pipelines, bridges) the ALERT system will be augmented by additional geodetic and various geotechnical sensors to provide a versatile and fully automated multi-sensor monitoring system. The focus will be on the use of a new type of fibre optic strainmeters, tiltmeters, pseudolites (terrestrial transmitter of GPS-like signals),and a ground based radar interferometry system. A methodology will be developed for a design of multi-sensor monitoring surveys using deterministic modeling of deformation.