Performance of reinforced concrete elements subjected to extreme loads

极端荷载越来越多地出现，表现出地震激发、海啸引发的水动力和恶意爆炸荷载等动态特征，使我们的基础设施、生命安全和经济稳定面临日益升级的威胁。例如最近发生的2005年7月7日英国伦敦地铁系统、2002年10月12日印度尼西亚巴厘岛度假胜地和1995年4月19日俄克拉何马城阿尔弗雷德·P·默拉大楼的恐怖爆炸事件，以及2004年亚洲海啸的灾难性事件，2005年的巴基斯坦地震表明，这种危险并不容易被压制，并继续扰乱社会对安全和安全的追求。恐怖主义专家一致认为，加拿大成为恐怖活动的目标只是个时间问题。然而，根据现代建筑法规，仅明确提供了地震过程中因地面震动而产生的力的指南--很少关注爆炸荷载对民用结构的作用以及水动力对岸线结构的影响。*本提案专门针对遭受恶意爆炸荷载的关键钢筋混凝土构件的性能进行研究。申请人在本构和非线性有限元建模以及针对极端荷载的大规模试验方面的经验为本研究提供了专业知识。短期目标是：1.建立关键结构单元的能力关系，以评估给定爆炸事件的损害，并确定用于连续倒塌分析的剩余承载能力。2.提出抗震细部设计方法，以改善新建筑关键构件的抗爆设计，以减轻连续倒塌造成的破坏。3.评估现有结构中关键部件的加装技术，以减轻爆炸危险和防止连续倒塌。

The increasing occurrence of extreme loads, those demonstrating dynamic characteristics such as earthquake excitations, tsunami-induced hydrodynamic forces, and maliciously-intended blast loading, has brought to the fore the escalating threat to our infrastructure, life safety, and economic stability.  The recent terrorist bombings of the London, England Subway System on July 7, 2005, the resort island of Bali, Indonesia on October 12, 2002, and the Alfred P. Murrah Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995, and the catastrophic events of the Asian Tsunami of 2004, and the Pakistani Earthquake of 2005 have demonstrated that such hazards are not easily suppressed and continue to disturb society's quest for safety and security.  Terrorist experts agree that it is only a matter of time before Canada is targeted by terrorist activity.   Modern building codes, however, have explicitly only provided guidelines for the forces that arise due to the ground shaking experienced during an earthquake - little attention has been given to the actions of blast loading on civilian structures and the effects of hydrodynamic forces on shoreline structures.     This proposal is focused specifically to address the performance of critical reinforced concrete elements subjected to maliciously-intended blast loading.  The applicant's experience in constitutive and nonlinear finite element modeling and large-scale testing for extreme loads provides the expertise for this study. The short term objectives are: 1. To develop capacity relationships for critical structural elements to evaluate damage for a given blast event and determine residual load-bearing capacity for progressive collapse analysis. 2. To advance seismic detailing methodologies to improve blast-resistant design of critical elements in new construction, such that damage due to progressive collapse is mitigated. 3. To assess retrofit techniques for critical elements in existing structures to mitigate the blast hazard and impede progressive collapse.