Fish ecology on the boreal plains and western arctic

北方平原和北极西部的鱼类生态

• 批准号: 2363-2009
• 负责人: Tonn, William
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=419563
• 关键词: Fish; ecology; boreal; plains; western

In northwestern Canada, freshwater fishes face ecological constraints, disturbances and opportunities. How they affect fish species, populations, and communities is the focus of my NSERC-supported research program. (1)A dominant natural disturbance is "winterkill" caused by low oxygen under the ice. To test if this disturbance is dependent on the location (position) of lakes in a landscape, we will analyze relations between fish occurrence and indices of lake position. (2)Fathead minnows frequently dominate winterkill-prone lakes, but infrequently co-occur with predatory northern pike. Why? Minnows respond behaviourally to chemical signals of pike predation in ways that increase short-term survival, but may affect longer-term survival and reproduction. We will conduct a replicated pond experiment to assess population-level costs to minnows of short-term anti-predator behaviours. (3)In addition to direct effects of predation, minnows co-occurring with pike also differ in life history traits from those in lakes lacking pike. To determine if this reflects a genetic or ecological response, we are conducting a "common garden" experiment that involves raising fish from the two types of populations in adjacent ponds and comparing reproduction and recruitment. (4)Stocking sportfish into lakes adds a non-native predator that can have severe consequences to some lake communities. We are using provincial stocking programs as whole-lake experiments to understand what factors can buffer communities against negative stocking effects. (5)In some Canadian lakes, > 1 variety of a single species co-occur that differ in their morphology and ecology. Surveys in Great Bear Lake suggest that up to 4 varieties of lake trout co-occur in shallow water habitats. We will quantify the morphological differences of these varieties, and determine if they also differ in their ecology and life history. Learning how fish cope with such environmental challenges can help management agencies deal with human-caused disturbance (e.g., cattle grazing adjacent to prairie streams) and the conservation of rare species and varieties that live in such environments.

在加拿大西北部，淡水鱼面临着生态限制、干扰和机遇。它们如何影响鱼类物种、种群和群落是我的NSERC支持的研究项目的重点。 (1)A主要的自然干扰是冰下低氧造成的“冬杀”。为了测试这种干扰是否依赖于景观中湖泊的位置（位置），我们将分析鱼类发生和湖泊位置指数之间的关系。（2）黑头呆鱼经常统治冬季易发生的湖泊，但很少与捕食性的北方梭子鱼共存。为什么？为什么？米诺鱼的行为反应的方式，增加短期生存的梭子鱼捕食的化学信号，但可能会影响长期生存和繁殖。我们将进行一个重复的池塘实验，以评估短期反捕食者行为的种群水平成本。(3)In除了捕食的直接影响外，与梭子鱼共存的小鱼在生活史特征上也与没有梭子鱼的湖泊不同。 为了确定这是否反映了遗传或生态反应，我们正在进行一项“共同花园”实验，包括在相邻池塘中饲养两种类型种群的鱼，并比较繁殖和补充。（4）在湖泊中放养游鱼增加了一种非本地捕食者，可能对一些湖泊群落产生严重后果。我们正在使用省级放养计划作为全湖实验，以了解哪些因素可以缓冲社区对负面放养影响。(5)In在加拿大的一些湖泊中，一个物种的多个变种共存，它们的形态和生态不同。在大熊湖的调查表明，多达4个品种的湖鳟鱼共同出现在浅水栖息地。 我们将量化这些品种的形态差异，并确定它们是否在生态和生活史上也有差异。了解鱼类如何科普这些环境挑战可以帮助管理机构处理人为干扰（例如，在草原溪流附近放牧的牛）以及保护生活在这种环境中的稀有物种和品种。