Evolution of acoustical communication in insects

昆虫声音通讯的进化

• 批准号: 6174-2007
• 负责人: Cade, William
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: University of Lethbridge
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=420205
• 关键词: Evolution; acoustical; communication; insects

In field crickets, Gryllus texensis, calling males attract females from a distance. But calling males also attract parasitic flies, Ormia ochracea, that deposit living maggots on calling males. Fly larvae devour the cricket in about 7 days. Calling more loudly or more often by male crickets attracts more female cricket, but more parasitic flies are also attracted. The mating behaviour of G. texensis has been strongly influenced by flies. For example, male crickets often remain silent near calling males where they intercept females attracted by the calling of other males, so-called satellite behaviour. Many previously silent males start calling just before dawn, a time when flies are less active. Male G. texensis are also much younger than female crickets. We are studying the rates of fly attraction to different types of cricket songs, the levels of parasitism in areas where different species of crickets are hosts, and the reproduction and lifespan of male crickets under different conditions of fly density. Many laboratories are now extending our studies including the neurobiology of fly hearing, complete loss of song in some crickets and the use of flies to control imported cricket pests.

在田间蟋蟀中，雄性蟋蟀会发出叫声，从远处吸引雌性。但雄性叫声也会吸引寄生蝇（Ormia ochracea），它们会在雄性叫声中沉积活蛆。 苍蝇幼虫在大约 7 天内将蟋蟀吃掉。 雄蟋蟀叫得更大声或更频繁会吸引更多的雌蟋蟀，但也会吸引更多的寄生苍蝇。 G. texensis 的交配行为受到苍蝇的强烈影响。 例如，雄性蟋蟀经常在雄性蟋蟀的叫声附近保持沉默，拦截被其他雄性蟋蟀的叫声吸引的雌性蟋蟀，即所谓的卫星行为。 许多以前沉默的雄性苍蝇在黎明前开始叫声，此时苍蝇不那么活跃。 雄性德克萨斯蟋蟀也比雌性蟋蟀年轻得多。 我们正在研究苍蝇对不同类型蟋蟀歌曲的吸引率、不同种类蟋蟀寄主地区的寄生程度，以及不同苍蝇密度条件下雄性蟋蟀的繁殖和寿命。许多实验室现在正在扩展我们的研究，包括苍蝇听力的神经生物学、一些蟋蟀完全丧失鸣叫以及利用苍蝇控制外来蟋蟀害虫。