Developing a passive fluoride removal system for wastewaters and hydrogen reactivity in palladized mesoporous materials added to zero-valent iron

拟议的研究有两个方面。其中一个项目的重点是开发一个被动水处理反应堆，以将氟化物浓度从工业废水水平降低到饮用水标准。我们之前的工作开发了一种反应器，可以将水中的氟化物从数百毫克/升降低到大约4毫克/升，但如果长期饮用，这种浓度的水仍然太高，无法避免人类氟中毒的发生。已发表的数据表明，低浓度的柠檬酸盐有利于方解石中氟化物的固存。我们的研究将把柠檬酸盐去除氟化物的能力与我们以前的反应堆设计结合起来。目标是开发一种可靠的被动技术，将任何废水中的氟化物浓度降低到饮用水标准（世界卫生组织建议低于1.5毫克/升）。

The proposed research is two-fold. One project is focused on developing a passive water treatment reactor to reduce fluoride concentrations from industrial wastewater levels to drinking water standards. Our previous work developed a reactor that reduced fluoride in water from hundreds of mg/l to approximately 4 mg/l, but water of this concentration is still too high to avert the development of fluorosis in humans if ingested for long periods. Published data exists to show that low concentrations of citrate ion facilitate the sequestration of fluoride in calcite. Our research will integrate citrate's ability to remove fluoride with our previous reactor design. The objective is to develop a reliable and passive technique to reduce the fluoride concentration of any wastewater to drinking water standards (World Health Organization recommends < 1.5 mg/l).