Autonomous navigation, attitude determination and atmospheric profiling for nanosatellite missions

纳米卫星任务的自主导航、姿态确定和大气剖面

• 批准号: 363680-2007
• 负责人: Skone, Susan
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=434046
• 关键词: Autonomous; navigation; attitude; determination; atmospheric

Nanosatellite missions are becoming increasingly popular for proving space technologies. Potential exists for a range of applications including earth observation and mobile communication systems. In order to keep costs of such missions low, navigation and attitude determination systems are generally based on off-the-shelf components. Such components are not necessarily optimized for space applications, however, and a need exists to develop a navigation receiver and attitude determination capabilities specifically for nanosatellite applications. In the case of navigation capabilities, GNSS receivers must be small, lightweight, low-cost, and have low power consumption. In this project Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers will be designed for nanosatellite applications, with onboard orbit determination to aid receiver tracking and acquisition. Novel methods for space-borne atmospheric profiling using this receiver (based on radio occultations) will be developed taking advantage of new GNSS signals. In particular, the addition of civilian dual-frequency capabilities to the GPS Block IIR-M satellites will be exploited to improve performance near the lower and upper atmosphere boundaries. Attitude determination capabilities will be developed using the latest MEMS sensor technologies, specialized for nanosatellite implementation. This work will be conducted in partnership with the Canadian Space Agency and industrial partner NovAtel Inc.

在证明空间技术方面，纳米卫星任务正变得越来越受欢迎。它具有广泛的应用潜力，包括对地观测和移动通信系统。为了使这类飞行任务的成本较低，导航和姿态确定系统通常基于现成的部件。然而，这些部件不一定针对空间应用进行优化，因此需要专门为纳米卫星应用开发导航接收器和姿态确定能力。在导航能力方面，GNSS接收机必须体积小、重量轻、成本低、功耗低。在这个项目中，全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收器将设计用于纳米卫星应用，并具有星载轨道确定功能，以帮助接收器跟踪和捕获。将利用新的全球导航卫星系统信号开发使用该接收器(基于无线电掩星)的空间大气剖面的新方法。特别是，将利用在GPS Block IIR-M卫星上增加民用双频能力来改善大气层下层和上层边界附近的性能。姿态确定能力将使用最新的MEMS传感器技术来开发，专门用于纳米卫星的实施。这项工作将与加拿大航天局和工业合作伙伴NovAtel Inc.合作进行。