Fundamental controls on mudstone lithofacies variability

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Fine-grained sediments (e.g. shales) are common on the Earth's surface. They are important resources because they generate hydrocarbons in petroleum systems and are raw materials for the heavy ceramic industry (e.g. brick making, filer manufacture etc.). Their fine grain size, apparent homogeneity in hand specimen, and susceptibility to weathering, make them difficult to study. Consequently, they are poorly known relative to other sedimentary rock types.