The earth's gravity field

拟议的研究包括建立在先前研究基础上的两个相互交织的项目，以及涉及新调查线的第三个项目。前两个项目涉及为澳大利亚领土制定的合成（即人工）重力场的微调，以及同时改进用于大地水准面计算的UNB技术（在大地测量界称为Stokes-Helmert技术）。大地水准面是在测绘中作为高度基准的水平面，它与重力有着密切而复杂的关系。因此，合成重力场可用于大地水准面计算技术的客观和/或盲目测试。国际大地测量学协会希望进行这种测试，以确定一种可供推荐的计算国家大地测量面线的技术。在澳大利亚合成场测试了UNB技术，这是首次进行此类测试，我们发现结果存在35mm的偏差，加上山区120mm的峰值存在较大的点差。虽然点值可以解释为离散误差，但如果与澳大利亚合成场相关联，则偏差太大，无法使场作为无误差的标准子接受。合成领域和UNB技术都需要进一步研究以达到5mm的精度水平，这将通过拟议的研究来实现。

The proposed research comprises two intertwined projects that build on previous research, and a third project involving a new line of investigation. The first two projects concern the fine tuning of the synthetic (i.e., artificial) gravity field formulated for the territory of Australia and a simultaneous improvement of the UNB technique (known in geodetic circles as the Stokes-Helmert technique) for geoid computation. Geoid, being the horizontal surface used as a datum for heights in surveying and mapping, is very closely but intricately related to gravity. Thus, a synthetic gravity field can be used for objective and/or blind testing of geoid computation techniques. The International Association of geodesy wishes to conduct such testing to identify a technique to recommend for computing national geoids. Having tested the UNB technique on the Australian synthetic field, the first ever test of its kind, we discovered that there is a bias of 35mm in the results, plus some larger point discrepancies of the peak value of 120mm in the mountains. While the point values are explainable as discretization errors, the bias is too large, if it is associated with the Australian synthetic field, to make the field acceptable as an errorless etalon. Both the synthetic field and the UNB technique require further investigation to reach a level of accuracy of 5mm, and this will be pursued through the proposed research.