Regulation and role of CYP2A isoenzymes in hepatocellular stress

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Cells respond to hostile conditions in their environment by switching on genes that code for proteins that ultimately provide protection against cellular injury. The function of genes that are turned on in this so-called "stress response" are becoming increasingly well characterized and are involved in chaperoning proteins that become unfolded, replacement of damaged cellular membranes and degradation of damaged protein. In addition, our understanding of the complex pathways that switch these stress genes on and off during cell injury is becoming clearer. Nonetheless, we continue to identify new stress genes and signaling pathways revealing how a cell senses its physiological state and adapts to provide defense against unfavorable conditions.