Temperature, water vapour and aerosol studies in the middle atmosphere

该建议的目的是分析整个中层大气（20-100公里高度）温度、水蒸气和气溶胶的相关测量结果，并研究平流层和中间层的耦合。温度、水蒸气和气溶胶是本提案的三大主题。温度是一个中心主题，它将薄气溶胶层（例如极地平流层云、极地中间层云）的存在与平流层和中间层上部的H2O、CO2和CH 4的数量联系起来。温度也是决定中层/低热层区域动力结构的一个关键因素。水蒸气含量也是一个中心主题，因为它可被用作平流层和远离其低层大气源区的中上层各种动力过程的示踪剂。中层大气中的水是对气候变化至关重要的最重要的温室气体，因为它影响地球的辐射收支，以及人类对甲烷的影响，甲烷是中层大气中H2O的重要来源。温度变化是水从蒸汽转化为液体的关键因素，因此固体水的形成是全球变化的一个指标，可以很容易地监测。平流层中的气溶胶可以吸收向外发出的长波辐射，从而改变中层大气的热平衡，从而对大气化学、动力学、辐射和气候产生重大影响。它们还可以通过加强平流层下部的向上空气运动和改变平流层动态来影响气候，从而影响中间层的动态。对平流层浮质特性的了解对于分析来自空间仪器的数据也很重要，因为空间仪器的测量结果会受到浮质存在的影响。平流层气溶胶可能对来自热带对流层的输入（火山爆发、燃烧）相当敏感，而从中间层下降到平流层的流星物质可能对平流层气溶胶的形态很重要，特别是在极地空气中，也许在全球范围内，类似于它们在夏季中间层中的作用。

The objective of the proposal is to analyze correlative measurements of temperature, water vapour and aerosols throughout the middle atmosphere (20-100 km height) and study the coupling of the stratosphere and mesosphere. Temperature, water vapour and aerosols are the three main themes in this proposal. Temperature is a central theme that links the presence of thin aerosol layers (e.g. Polar Stratospheric Clouds, Polar Mesospheric Clouds) to the amount of H2O, CO2 and CH4 in the stratosphere and upper mesosphere. The temperature is also a key factor in determining the dynamical structure of the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region. Water vapour content is also a central theme since it can be used as a tracer for various dynamical processes in the stratosphere and the upper mesosphere far from its source region in the lower atmosphere. Water in the middle atmosphere is the most important greenhouse gas crucial to climate change, because of its influence on Earth's radiative budget, and the human influence on the production of CH4, which is an important source of H2O in the middle atmosphere. Temperature change is a critical element in the conversion of water from vapour to liquid form, so the formation of solid water is an indicator of global change that can readily be monitored. Aerosols in the stratosphere can significantly impact atmospheric chemistry, dynamics, radiation and climate by absorbing outgoing long-wave radiation and thus change the thermal balance of the middle atmosphere. They can also affect climate by enhancing upward air motion in the lower stratosphere and alter stratospheric dynamics, in turn influencing the dynamics of the mesosphere. Knowledge of the properties of stratospheric aerosol is also important in analyzing data from space-borne instruments, whose measurements are affected by aerosol presence. The stratospheric aerosols could be quite sensitive to input from the tropical troposphere (volcanic eruption, burning), while meteoric material descending into the stratosphere from the mesosphere may be important to the morphology of stratospheric aerosols, particularly in polar air and perhaps globally, similar to their role in the summer mesosphere.