Systematics, biodiversity and ecology of alpine and arctic diptera

高山和北极生境由于其自然分散的分布，是北方最脆弱的生境之一，并受到迅速变化的气候条件的严重威胁。虽然这些变化的影响至少在植物和脊椎动物中得到了部分研究，但对昆虫的影响知之甚少。大约有12万种描述的物种，真正的苍蝇（双翅目）代表接近8%的总动物多样性。它们遍布世界各地，在大多数栖息地都很常见。苍蝇的相对多样性和丰富度随着海拔和纬度的增加而急剧增加，特别是对于蝇类等级（蝇科，花蝇科，蝇科，厕蝇科），其中许多物种通过提供授粉和分解等服务在高山和北极生态系统中发挥关键作用。

Due to their naturally fragmented distributions, alpine and arctic habitats are among the most fragile in the northern hemisphere and are heavily threatened by rapidly changing climatic conditions. While the influence of these changes has been at least partially studied in plants and vertebrates, little is known of their impacts on insects. With approximately 120K described species, true flies (order Diptera) represent close to 8% of total animal diversity. They are found all over the world and are common in most habitats. The relative diversity and abundance of flies increases sharply with both altitude and latitude, and especially so for the muscoid grade (Muscidae, Anthomyiidae, Scathophagidae, Fanniidae) where many species play key roles in alpine and arctic ecosystems by providing services such as pollination and decomposition.