Changing water quality and quantity: impacts of human activities on water resources in Western North America

水质和水量的变化：人类活动对北美西部水资源的影响

• 批准号: 312365-2008
• 负责人: Moser, Katrina
• 金额: $ 1.46万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=457384
• 关键词: Changing; water; quality; quantity; impacts

There is strong evidence that the rapid rise in global temperatures over the last century is due to the unprecedented increase in greenhouse gases related to human activities. It is less certain how these global changes will affect regional temperature, hydroclimates and aquatic ecosystems. Compounding this uncertainty is the poorly understood synergy of warming temperatures and nutrient enrichment, which results from human activities even, as my research is showing, in areas remote from human occupation. Understanding the climate warming-nutrient synergy is critical as it may have a marked impact on future water quantity and quality. My research program is, therefore, designed to contribute to our knowledge of changing hydroclimates and nutrient enrichment utilizing alpine and northern lake sediments. This program consists of three research themes: 1) Holocene hydroclimate variability at several timescales in the headwater reaches of two drainages in the southern Canadian Rockies; 2) Impacts of climate change and atmospheric nitrogen pollution on remote alpine and northern lakes over the last ca. 100 years, and 3) New paleotemperature measurements of alpine lakes using oxygen isotopes in diatom opaline silica. The geographic targets lie along a broad transect from the northern boreal forest of the Canadian Northwest Territories to alpine regions of the US Intermountain West. This research will be supported by the analytical facilities of the newly equipped Lake and Reservoir System Research Facility (LARSRF) that I have developed at the University of Western Ontario over the last two years. This facility hosts a wide range of state-of-the-art equipment to document and evaluate natural and anthropogenic impacts on water resources. The full achievement of the proposed research goals is reasonable in the timeframe described given my 70% research effort associated with my NSERC-UFA position, the excellence of the LARSRF facilities and my successful track record of recruiting and training HQP. My proposed research program will continue and promote the collaborative, interdisciplinary approach to the analyses of lake environments that has characterized my work.

有强有力的证据表明，上个世纪全球气温迅速上升是由于与人类活动有关的温室气体空前增加造成的。目前尚不清楚这些全球变化将如何影响区域温度、水文气候和水生生态系统。加剧这种不确定性的是人们对气温变暖和营养丰富的协同作用知之甚少，这种协同作用是由人类活动造成的，正如我的研究表明，在远离人类居住的地区也是如此。了解气候变暖与养分的协同作用至关重要，因为它可能对未来的水量和质量产生显着影响。因此，我的研究计划旨在增进我们对水文气候变化和利用高山和北部湖泊沉积物富集营养物的了解。该计划包括三个研究主题：1）加拿大落基山脉南部两个流域的源头在几个时间尺度上的全新世水文气候变化； 2）过去大约一年来气候变化和大气氮污染对偏远高山和北部湖泊的影响。 100 年，以及 3) 使用硅藻蛋白石二氧化硅中的氧同位素对高山湖泊进行新的古温度测量。地理目标位于从加拿大西北地区北部北方森林到美国西部山间高山地区的宽阔横断面上。这项研究将得到我过去两年在西安大略大学开发的新装备的湖泊和水库系统研究设施（LARSRF）的分析设施的支持。该设施拥有各种最先进的设备，用于记录和评估自然和人为对水资源的影响。考虑到我 70% 的研究工作与我的 NSERC-UFA 职位相关、LARSRF 设施的卓越性以及我在招募和培训 HQP 方面的成功记录，在所述时间范围内完全实现拟议的研究目标是合理的。我提出的研究计划将继续并促进协作、跨学科的方法来分析湖泊环境，这也是我工作的特色。