Impacts of hydropower induced extreme flows: estimation and mitigation of human and environmental risks

人们普遍认识到，需要改进方法来理解和减轻大坝释放给社区和环境带来的风险，包括在正常运行下控制溢出的高流量，在决口事件下控制的低流量和灾难性流量。这项工作促进了对此类风险的识别和估计，并制定了评估减少风险的其他结构性和非结构性缓解方法的方法。社区洪水损失估计和确定有助于规划社区减灾、预警和疏散的工具，需要分析利益攸关方在若干规划层面面临的风险管理关切，但一般归结为是否通知个人逃离或就地避难的问题。由于流量极高或极低而产生不利环境条件的风险，以及减轻这些影响，需要开发环境响应模型，旨在捕捉表现出密集快速变化行为的极端事件。将选择和开发适当的建模工具，调查缓解备选办法，制定缓解备选办法，并制定绩效指标，以评价缓解做法在减少人类和环境风险方面的有效性。在评估和减轻社区影响时，将努力解决资产所有者和处于风险中的社区所面临的问题。此外，还将开发工具，协助利益攸关方评估社区风险与环境风险之间以及替代缓解战略之间的权衡。

The need for improved methods for understanding and mitigating the risks imposed on communities and the environment due to dam releases, including high flows related to controlled spilling under normal operations, controlled low flows and catastrophic flows under breach events, is widely recognized. This work advances the identification and estimation of such risks and develops methods for assessing alternative structural and non-structural mitigation approaches for reducing them. Community flood loss estimation and the identification of tools that aid in planning for mitigation, warning, and evacuation of communities requires analysis of the risk management concerns faced by stakeholders at a number of planning levels, but in general reduce to questions of whether to inform individuals to escape or to shelter in place. The risk of adverse environmental conditions due to extreme high or low flows, and the mitigation of these impacts, requires the development of environmental response models that are designed to capture extreme events exhibiting intensive rapidly changing behavior. The selection, and development of appropriate modeling tools, investigation of mitigation alternatives, and development of mitigation alternatives, and development of performance indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the mitigation practices for reducing human and environmental risks, will be undertaken. In evaluating and mitigating community impacts, efforts will be made to address the concerns faced by the asset owner and the community at risk. Additionally, tools for assisting stakeholders in evaluating trade-offs between the community and environmental risks and between alternative mitigation strategies will be developed.