The physical properties of small gas bubbles in soft elastic materials: theory and applications

软弹性材料中小气泡的物理性质：理论与应用

• 批准号: 6831-2011
• 负责人: Goldman, Saul
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=474167
• 关键词: physical; properties; small; gas; bubbles

Soft elastic materials have a degree of rigidity, and consequently a degree of intrinsic shape. They have fundamentally different properties from ordinary liquids such as liquid water, which have no rigidity or intrinsic shape (liquids are said to "take the shape of their container"). Examples of such soft materials include magma, soft rubber, "Jello", and soft tissues in the body. Unlike ordinary liquids, soft elastic materials can partially stabilize small gas bubbles suspended in them, giving the bubbles a longer lifetime than they would otherwise have. Simple liquids stabilize only large bubbles, in order to minimize surface tension effects. The tendency of soft elastic materials to partially stabilize small gas bubbles is relevant to the problem of Decompression Sickness (DCS) that can occur in scuba diving, aviation, and space exploration.

软弹性材料具有一定程度的刚性，因此具有一定程度的固有形状。它们具有与普通液体（如液态水）根本不同的性质，液态水没有刚性或固有形状（液体被称为“采取其容器的形状”）。这种软材料的例子包括岩浆、软橡胶、“果冻”和体内的软组织。与普通液体不同，软弹性材料可以部分稳定悬浮在其中的小气泡，使气泡的寿命比其他情况下更长。简单的液体只稳定大气泡，以尽量减少表面张力的影响。软弹性材料部分稳定小气泡的倾向与可能发生在水肺潜水、航空和太空探索中的减压病（DCS）问题有关。