Late pleistocene ice history and glacial isostasy on earth with composite rheology and lateral heterogeneity

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Numerical modeling of the response of the solid earth and its oceans to the glaciation and deglaciation events since the last Ice Age (i.e. Glacial Isostatic Adjustment or GIA process) gives us knowledge about the viscosity or flow property inside the mantle and the ice sheet thickness history during the Pleistocene. Knowledge of the viscosity is crucial in understanding thermal evolution and mantle dynamics that shaped the structure of our planet in the past, present and future. Knowledge of the ice thickness history provides realistic boundary conditions for paleoclimate simulation and is useful for glaciology and global change studies. Improved knowledge of GIA is also required to accurately monitor present-day global warming with modern geodetic techniques. The results of this study will also be useful for mitigating earthquake risk induced by glacial cycles and water resource management in Canada as the differential vertical motion of the land affects the flow of rivers, lakes and coastlines.