Development of technical and regulatory capacity for water reuse in Canada

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Rapid population growth, depletion of freshwater resources, and uncertainties associated with the climate change have placed unprecedented stress on water supplies in urban centres. Development of resilience in water management in urban centres requires an integrated approach that considers all sources of water beyond those considered traditionally. Such integrated approach must also include non-conventional, small-scale or decentralized approaches and their integration into existing urban water infrastructure. A innovative mix of conventional and alternative water, wastewater and stormwater management approaches must be implemented within an integrated management framework. Water reuse has already been implemented in many countries facing sever water shortages. However, its wide-scale implementation is facing a number of challenges. The most significant challenge is the problems associated with inclusion of water reuse technologies, many of which are alternative and decentralized in nature, into an existing centralized infrastructure.