Quantum dynamics in nanostructures

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

We will study the dynamics of tiny objects, approximately 100 atoms large on one side. At these length scales, the usual laws of motion (classical mechanics) break down and are replaced by quantum mechanics. In this program of study, we will identify certain dynamical quantum-mechanical processes that may improve future technology, from high-efficiency solar cells to an ultrafast robust memory, and even much more transformative ideas to perform computations in a fundamentally new way: quantum computing. Using modern high-level techniques, we will make testable predictions about new quantum-dynamical effects that might be exploited to improve the above-mentioned technologies. To achieve this goal, we are looking (theoretically) for quantum effects in a place where they have previously often been ignored, but where there is a very significant potential to find them: In "spins". Spins are the intrinsic magnetic moments possessed by all electrons and most nuclei. Spins are what make MRI imaging possible -- an MRI is an "image" of the nuclear spins in your body. Until very recently, it was believed by many that quantum-mechanical effects would only be relevant in spins on very short time scales, too short to measure or use for any reasonable purpose. However, a series of experiments performed over the last 5-10 years has now shown, time and again, that the "quantumness" of spins is much, much more robust than previously believed. Since spins are so ubiquitous, found in everything in nature, this realization has led many people to speculate that quantum-mechanical effects are essential to describe everything from photosynthesis to bird migration! Many people remain skeptical. To settle the debate, it is important to develop methods of controllably predicting quantum-mechanical behaviour, so that we can "design" model systems in which that quantum behaviour can be verified and then exploited to our advantage in future technology. This is the essential goal of the this program.