Natural abundance compound specific isotope analysis of lipids: tracing anthropogenic impacts and responses

对环境中有机化合物的来源、循环和命运的科学调查是广泛的跨学科研究问题的重要组成部分，是当前人类社会与环境相互作用研究的前沿。这些研究问题涉及范围广泛：1)在环境地球化学、污染物水文地质、微生物学和生物修复等领域，了解微生物在控制有机污染物对人类和生态系统健康的持久性、影响和修复中的作用；ii)了解微生物群落在全球生物地球化学循环中的基本作用及其对地质风化、生物地球化学养分循环和气候变化的影响；iii)通过将地球化学科学方法与考古学相结合的新研究，了解人类与环境相互作用时的反应和发展，以阐明人类的发展。我的研究在开发化合物特定同位素分析（CSIA）的新方法方面发挥了主导作用，特别是确定了脂质CSIA可以应用于广泛的关于人类对环境的影响的问题，这些问题可能对人类和生态系统健康产生负面影响，以及为人类对环境的反应的考古记录提供独特的见解。本提案将CSIA脂类应用于上述主题的范围，以有助于我们对这些主题的理解，从而增加对人类与环境相互作用的整体理解，从而我们可以通过了解微生物过程及其在关键环境问题中的潜在基本作用来规划未来，这些问题涉及污染物和气候变化的影响和补救。通过了解人类对环境变化反应的地质考古记录，有助于我们预测未来的反应。

Scientific investigations of the sources, cycling and fates of organic compounds in the environment are a crucial component of a wide range of interdisciplinary research questions that are the forefront of current research into the interactions between human society and our environment. These research questions span a wide range from: i) understanding microbial roles in controlling the persistence, impacts and remediation of organic contaminants on human and ecosystem health in the fields of environmental geochemistry, contaminant hydrogeology, microbiology and bioremediation; to ii) understanding the fundamental role played by microbial communities in global biogeochemical cycles and their influence in geological weathering, biogeochemical nutrient cycling and climate change; to iii) understanding human responses and development as they interact with their environment by new research combining scientific approaches in geochemistry with archeology to elucidate human development. My research has played a leading role in developing new approaches in Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA), and in particular has identified that CSIA of lipids can be applied to a wide range of questions concerning human impacts on our environment that may negatively effect human and ecosystem health, as well as providing unique insights into the archeological record of human responses to our environment. This proposal will apply CSIA lipids to the range of topics listed above to contribute to our understanding of each of these topics and as such adding to the overall understanding of human interactions with our environment such that we can plan for the future by understanding the microbial processes and their potential fundamental role in crucial environmental questions concerning impacts and remediation of contaminants and climate change, and by understanding the geoarcheological record of human responses to environmental change to contribute to our ability tot predict our future responses.