Olfactory perception of insects in pest management and forensic entomology

害虫管理和法医昆虫学中昆虫的嗅觉感知

• 批准号: 386668-2010
• 负责人: LeBlanc, Hélène
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Ontario Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=506878
• 关键词: Olfactory; perception; insects; pest; management

Insects primarily sense their environment using chemical stimuli. Specific chemical cues emitted from a host convey such information to the insect as suitability of the host, mating potential, in addition to providing information to determine whether predators or parasites may be present. Nuisance insects found in livestock facilities contribute to the spread of diseases, distress to the animals, serious infections, and ultimately the loss of productivity and even the loss of livestock. For example, slaughter-houses also face contamination problems concerning nuisance insects. Air entrainment collections will be made from livestock facilities and products associated with abattoirs in order to collect the volatile chemicals associated with their environment. The collections will be analysed, and most importantly their effect on common insect pests will be examined. By using combined gas chromatography (GC) and electroantennogram (EAG) techniques, we will analyse the volatiles recovered from livestock and meat products to determine which of the specific compounds elicits a response from important nuisance insects. The EAG, however, only confirms the response to a behaviour modifying compound, or semiochemical, and not the actual behavioural effect associated with that chemical or group of chemicals. Therefore, laboratory and field bioassays will be conducted using the identify semiochemicals in order to determine their specific effect. A goal is to isolate and identify attractants, in addition to repellents, which can potentially be used in pest management strategies to help prevent the spread of diseases, reduce the amount of harmful pesticides used, and help increase proliferation of the livestock. Using these techniques, volatile chemicals associated with decomposing porcine will also be collected in order to better explain the succession of carrion insects involved in decomposition of the body. Overall, it is our objective to determine the impact of the semiochemicals on the insects, with the long-term goal of developing integrated pest management strategies which can be implemented in diverse areas of the food industry, from farms to supermarkets, so that the high quality of the meat products for human consumption can be maintained.

昆虫主要通过化学刺激来感知环境。从宿主发出的特定化学信号向昆虫传达诸如宿主的适宜性、交配潜力等信息，此外还提供信息以确定是否存在捕食者或寄生虫。在畜牧设施中发现的营养昆虫有助于疾病的传播，动物的痛苦，严重的感染，最终导致生产力的损失，甚至牲畜的损失。例如，屠宰场也面临着害虫污染问题。将从畜牧设施和屠宰场相关产品中收集空气夹带物，以收集与其环境相关的挥发性化学品。将对收集的样本进行分析，最重要的是，将检查它们对常见害虫的影响。通过使用气相色谱（GC）和触角电位（EAG）技术相结合，我们将分析从牲畜和肉类产品中回收的挥发物，以确定哪些特定化合物引起重要害虫的反应。然而，EAG仅确认对行为改变化合物或化学信息素的反应，而不是与该化学品或化学品组相关的实际行为影响。因此，将使用鉴定的信息素进行实验室和田间生物测定，以确定它们的具体效果。一个目标是分离和识别引诱剂，除了驱虫剂，这可能是用于害虫管理策略，以帮助防止疾病的传播，减少有害农药的使用量，并帮助增加牲畜的繁殖。利用这些技术，还将收集与腐烂的猪有关的挥发性化学物质，以便更好地解释腐肉昆虫在尸体分解中的连续性。总的来说，我们的目标是确定化学信息素对昆虫的影响，长期目标是制定综合虫害管理战略，这些战略可以在食品工业的各个领域实施，从农场到超市，以便保持人类消费的肉类产品的高质量。