High specific activity radioisotopes

高比活度放射性同位素

• 批准号: 386567-2010
• 负责人: Armstrong, Andrea
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2012-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=507145
• 关键词: specific; activity; radioisotopes

Radioactive atoms or "radioisotopes" are widely used in both the physical and medical sciences. Radioisotopes are constantly undergoing nuclear decay, which results in the emission of radiation in the form of gamma or X-rays. These can be detected using highly sensitive instruments that can quantify as little as a billionth of a milligram (10 E-12 g) of the radioisotope, rendering radioactive tracers a highly sensitive means of monitoring physical, biological or chemical processes. Radioisotopes are used in environmental sciences to follow the uptake and distribution of a particular chemical element in a biological or ecological system over time. Medical applications include diagnostic imaging, where a radioisotope is used to monitor cardiac blood flow, for example, and radiotherapy, where a larger quantity of certain radioisotopes is used to destroy cancer cells that cannot be removed surgically.

放射性原子或“放射性同位素”广泛用于物理和医学科学。放射性同位素不断地经历核衰变，这导致以伽马射线或X射线的形式发射辐射。这些可以使用高灵敏度仪器来检测，这些仪器可以量化低至十亿分之一毫克（10 E-12 g）的放射性同位素，使放射性示踪剂成为监测物理，生物或化学过程的高灵敏度手段。放射性同位素在环境科学中用于跟踪特定化学元素在生物或生态系统中随时间的吸收和分布。医学应用包括诊断成像，其中放射性同位素用于监测心脏血流，例如，以及放射疗法，其中使用更大量的某些放射性同位素来破坏无法通过手术去除的癌细胞。