Gymnosperm reproductive mechanisms

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Forests cover more than a quarter of the land area of the planet. In Canada, 250 million hectares are treed. Softwoods, or conifers, produce pulp and lumber, both of which are important components of our economy. To ensure regeneration of these forests, government and industry annually plant more than 720 million trees. Only 10 % of these are from seed that has been genetically selected and improved by breeding programs. Limitations in orchard production, limitations in reproduction technologies due to pests, pathology and mismanagement, all play a role.