Mechanisms of chromosome movement during cell division

细胞分裂过程中染色体运动的机制

• 批准号: 6932-2009
• 负责人: Forer, Arthur
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=520972
• 关键词: Mechanisms; chromosome; movement; during; cell

When chromosomes are not distributed equally into the two daughter cells during cell division, the resultant cells die or become abnormal, e.g., leading to birth defects or cancers. We study how chromosomes move to the two daughter cells. As chromosomes move to the two "poles" of the cell before the cell divides, a "spindle fibre" extending between each chromosome and the pole shortens without changing width. We can compare this to a boat connected by a rigid rope to a dock toward which it moves. The prevailing view is that a winch pulls the rope to the dock. We have shown, however, that other forces propel the boat: the boat continues to move normally to the dock after we sever the rope (by local irradiation), so external forces (from a "spindle matrix") must propel the boat to the dock - e.g., people might stand in the shallow water and pull the remnant rope to the dock, or currents in the water might propel the boat to the dock. We have used specific drugs to identify which (non-rope) components might produce forces; we will use local irradiations, drug treatments, and genetic tools to identify and study the forces that propel the rope and boat to the dock.

当染色体在细胞分裂过程中不均匀地分布到两个子细胞中时，所产生的细胞死亡或变得异常，例如，导致出生缺陷或癌症。我们研究染色体如何移动到两个子细胞。当染色体在细胞分裂前移动到细胞的两极时，在每条染色体和两极之间延伸的“纺锤纤维”缩短而宽度不变。我们可以把这比作一条船，它被一根刚性的绳子连接到一个码头上，并朝着码头移动。普遍的看法是绞盘把绳子拉到码头上。然而，我们已经表明，其他力推动船：船在我们切断绳索（通过局部照射）后继续正常移动到码头，因此外力（来自“主轴矩阵”）必须将船推向码头-例如，人们可能站在浅水中，把残绳拉到码头上，或者水流将船推到码头上。我们已经使用特定的药物来确定哪些（非绳索）组件可能产生力;我们将使用局部照射，药物治疗和遗传工具来确定和研究将绳索和船推向码头的力。