Transfer of terrigenous organic matter to aquatic systems: from the identification of specific compounds to the dynamics of complex environmental issues

陆源有机物向水生系统的转移：从特定化合物的识别到复杂环境问题的动态

• 批准号: 105690-2013
• 负责人: Lucotte, Marc
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=522001
• 关键词: Transfer; terrigenous; organic; matter; aquatic

My research team is federated around two synergetic axes: 1) a "vertical" one aiming at identifying terrigenous organic compounds and elucidating their specific geochemical reactivity in contrasted environments and 2) a "transversal" one applying that knowledge to the understanding of the dynamics of complex environmental issues. The present Discovery Grant proposal will address the first axis, representing a long-term distinctive research axis in my laboratory. Terrigenous organic matter (TOM) in terrestrial and aquatic environments is a carrier of pollutants such as heavy metals and pesticides, a trigger of geochemical reactions such as metals and nutrients complexation and a determinant factor of microbial activity. The originality of the more fundamental side of my scientific goals thus lies in opening of the TOM black box to follow the sources and fate of well identified terrigenous organic compounds in boreal and tropical terrestrial/aquatic systems impacted by recent forest clearing, commercial agriculture or impoundment of terrestrial systems upon the creation of reservoirs. Doing so, I intend to use specific signatures of ligneous compounds to reconstruct anthropogenic and pre-anthropogenic histories of entire watersheds. Applications will range from the evaluation of the extent of permafrost thawing in northern Québec to the establishment of Chagas disease risk maps in the Amazon based on palm tree lignin signatures. The generated knowledge will serve to: (i) refine our understanding of the mercury cycle in recently clear-cut areas of both the boreal and tropical regions, (ii) determine the contribution of specific TOM compounds to the sustained production of greenhouse gas through biodegradation and/or photodegradation in contrasted aquatic environments, (iii) estimate the role of specific TOM compounds present in boreal or tropical agricultural soils in holding or remobilizing herbicides such as glyphosate, (iv) establish the relationship between glyphosate usage in industrial agriculture and structural weaknesses of plants related to poor lignin metabolism.

我的研究团队围绕两个协同轴联合：1）“垂直”轴，旨在识别陆源有机化合物并阐明其在对比环境中的特定地球化学反应性; 2）“横向”轴，将这些知识应用于理解复杂环境问题的动态。 目前的发现补助金提案将解决第一个轴，代表我实验室的长期独特的研究轴。陆源有机质（TOM）是重金属和农药等污染物的载体，是金属和营养盐络合等地球化学反应的触发剂，也是微生物活动的决定因素。因此，我的科学目标的更基本的一面的独创性在于打开TOM黑匣子，以跟踪受最近森林砍伐、商业农业或陆地系统蓄水的影响的北方和热带陆地/水生系统中已识别的陆源有机化合物的来源和命运。这样做，我打算使用特定的木质化合物的签名，以重建整个流域的人为和前人为的历史。应用范围将从评估魁北克省北方的永久冻土融化程度到根据棕榈树木质素特征在亚马逊建立查加斯病风险图。所产生的知识将用于：（一）完善我们对北方和热带地区最近被砍伐的地区的汞循环的理解，（二）确定特定的有机金属化合物在对比的水生环境中通过生物降解和/或光降解对温室气体持续产生的贡献，（iii）估计北方或热带农业土壤中存在的特定TOM化合物在保持或再活化除草剂如草甘膦中的作用，（iv）确定草甘膦在工业化农业中的使用与植物结构弱点（与木质素代谢不良有关）之间的关系。