Population dynamics in fishes: recruitment processes, environmental variation, adaptation and harvest

鱼类种群动态：补充过程、环境变化、适应和收获

• 批准号: 155327-2013
• 负责人: Post, John
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=522598
• 关键词: Population; dynamics; fishes; recruitment; processes

The abundance of fish populations is highly variable, whether comparing across water bodies or within a single water body over time. The goal of my research program is to understand the degree to which environmental characteristics and harvest control these variable populations. It appears as if the majority of this variability originates from variation in fish growth and survival during their first year of life. I am therefore studying how the behaviour and physiology of young fish impacts their early success in terms of growth, energy storage and survival. Young fish face many challenges in that they are very susceptible to predators and to starvation during their first winter if they have not stored sufficient energy to survive a period with little prey available. I study how young fish trade-off time spent foraging, which makes them susceptible to predators, with the energetic constraints of sufficient energy storage for winter survival. By contrasting how fish make this trade-off in different environments we are learning the importance of these processes to survival and of adaptation of fish to their home environments. In addition we are interested how resilient fish populations are to harvesting and how the production of young fish is curtailed as we overharvest fish populations. Our general approach to this work is to use a combination of field experiments, observations and models to assess the contribution of environmental variability and harvest to fish population viability. Experiments in lakes which vary in environmental conditions and within which we can manipulate prey and predator density and harvest rate provide the contrasts necessary to assess the contribution of these factors to fish population variability. This fundamental biological research has important implications to issues such as impacts of climate change and harvest on the long-term sustainability of fishes.

鱼类种群的丰度是高度可变的，无论是跨水体比较还是单一水体内随时间的比较。我的研究项目的目标是了解环境特征和收成控制这些可变种群的程度。这种差异似乎主要源于鱼类在第一年的生长和生存变化。因此，我正在研究幼鱼的行为和生理如何影响它们在生长、能量储存和生存方面的早期成功。幼鱼面临着许多挑战，因为它们很容易受到捕食者的影响，如果它们没有储存足够的能量来度过猎物很少的一段时间，它们在第一个冬天就会饿死。我研究幼鱼如何权衡花在觅食上的时间，这使它们容易受到捕食者的攻击，以及为冬季生存而储存足够能量的能量限制。通过对比鱼类在不同环境中如何进行这种权衡，我们正在了解这些过程对鱼类生存和适应其家庭环境的重要性。此外，我们感兴趣的是鱼类种群对捕捞的适应能力，以及幼鱼的产量如何因过度捕捞而减少。我们对这项工作的一般方法是结合实地实验、观察和模型来评估环境变化和捕捞对鱼类种群生存能力的贡献。在环境条件不同的湖泊中进行的实验，我们可以控制猎物和捕食者的密度和收获率，为评估这些因素对鱼类种群变化的贡献提供了必要的对比。这一基础生物学研究对气候变化和捕捞对鱼类长期可持续性的影响等问题具有重要意义。