NSERC - CANPOLIN (Canadian Pollination Initiative)

NSERC - CANPOLIN（加拿大授粉计划）

• 批准号: 350278-2007
• 负责人: Kevan, Peter
• 金额: $ 11.75万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Network Grants Program
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=527697
• 关键词: NSERC; CANPOLIN; Canadian; Pollination; Initiative

The great majority of Canada's wild plant species are pollinated by animals, as are many of our crops, especially orchard fruit, oil seeds, and pasture species like clover. As these wild and managed pollinators forage for nectar and pollen, plants can use them as vehicles for the transportation of their pollen from flower to flower. In Canada, our animal pollinators are mainly insects (mostly bees, but also flies, butterflies, and moths) with a few species of hummingbirds also involved. It is now recognized, however, that ecosystems relying on animal pollination are in trouble all around the world because of declining pollinator numbers. This decline reduces the capacity of plants to produce fruits and seeds, and thus threatens ecosystem integrity as well as agricultural productivity. However, little is known about the diversity, abundance, and relative importance of animal pollinators in the functioning of our agricultural and wild ecosystems. The novel, multidimensional, approaches proposed by our Network to study both natural ecosystems and agricultural fields and orchards will generate new insights and much greater understanding of how Canadian plants and pollinators interact, between species and at the complex level of ecosystems and landscapes. One axis of the Network will concentrate on the efficiency and health of managed pollinators such as honeybees. Another will emphasize native pollinators, with the goal of maximizing their effectiveness in agriculture, forestry, and wildlands via habitat management. This research will include coordinated surveys of pollinators and studies on plant breeding and mating systems throughout Canada's ecoregions. A third axis concerns the economics of pollination, especially with regard to food security and climate change. A fourth, smaller emphasis of the Network will focus on pollination by wind among Canadian trees and grasses to test models of pollen dispersal by wind and forecasting useful to foresters and allergy sufferers.

加拿大绝大多数野生植物物种都被动物授粉，我们的许多作物，尤其是果园水果，油籽和牧场等牧场。这些野生和管理的授粉媒介为花蜜和花粉觅食，植物可以将它们用作将花粉从花到花的运输的车辆。在加拿大，我们的动物传粉媒介主要是昆虫（主要是蜜蜂，也是苍蝇，蝴蝶和飞蛾），其中还涉及几种蜂鸟。然而，现在认识到，由于授粉媒介的数量下降，依赖动物授粉的生态系统在世界各地都陷入困境。这种下降降低了植物生产水果和种子的能力，从而威胁到生态系统完整性以及农业生产力。但是，关于动物传粉媒介在我们的农业和野生生态系统功能中的多样性，丰度和相对重要性知之甚少。我们网络提出的多维方法是研究自然生态系统，农业领域和果园将产生新的见解，并对加拿大植物和传粉者在物种之间以及在生态系统和景观景观的复杂水平之间如何相互作用，更深入地了解。网络的一个轴将集中于托管传粉媒介（例如蜜蜂）的效率和健康。另一个人将强调本地传粉媒介，以通过栖息地管理最大化其在农业，林业和野外的有效性。这项研究将包括对授粉媒介的协调调查以及整个加拿大生态区域的植物育种和交配系统的研究。第三轴涉及授粉的经济学，尤其是在粮食安全和气候变化方面。该网络的第四个较小的重点将集中在加拿大树木和草中风的授粉，以测试通过风和预测对森林人和过敏患者有用的花粉分散的模型。