Improving Zn bioavailability in lentil through fertilization

加拿大是世界上最大的小扁豆(Lens Culinaris)生产国和出口国，萨斯喀彻温省是小扁豆的主要生产省份。加拿大扁豆出口的巨大市场存在于发展中国家，在这些国家，锌缺乏是人类健康问题的主要原因，因为在日常饮食中严重依赖营养不足的谷物和谷物豆类。并不是谷物中的所有锌都对人体有效，这是因为植酸等抗营养素与锌结合形成了不能被人体吸收的不容溶解的络合物。豆类作物如扁豆配锌可以提高产量和谷物中锌的浓度，潜在地改善谷物的人体营养品质，并增加市场对加拿大扁豆的需求。然而，这在多大程度上增加了“生物可利用的”锌尚不清楚。由于磷是植酸抗营养素的主要成分，施锌和施磷都可能影响小扁豆作为人体营养中锌的生物强化来源的质量。植酸与锌的摩尔比已经被用来对食物中锌的生物利用率进行分类，并建立了预测锌吸收的模型。建议在萨斯喀彻温省的一系列土壤中研究小扁豆中锌的估计、其生物有效性及其与作物和土壤管理因素的关系，如小扁豆等级、锌施肥措施和其他营养物质如磷。具体地说，这项研究考察了土壤和叶面施锌肥对三种不同类别小扁豆的锌浓度和植酸含量的影响。一个锌吸收的三变量模型将被用来估计小扁豆籽粒中锌的生物有效性。还将评估锌在小扁豆植株中的重新活化和分配，以及锌的施肥实践。

Canada is the largest producer and exporter of lentil (Lens culinaris) in the world, and Saskatchewan is the leading lentil producing province. A large market for Canadian lentil exports exists in developing countries where zinc (Zn) deficiencies are a leading cause of human health problems due to heavy reliance on nutrient deficient cereals and grain legumes in the daily diet. Not all of the Zn in grain is available to humans, due to binding of anti-nutrients like phytate to Zn to form insoluble complexes that cannot be absorbed by the human body. Fertilization of pulse crops like lentil with Zn can increase the yield and concentration of Zn in the grain and potentially improve the human nutritional qualities of the grain, and increase the market demand for Canadian lentils. However, the extent to which this increases "bioavailable" Zn is unknown. As phosphorus is a major component of the phytate anti-nutrient, both zinc and phosphorus fertilization may affect the quality of lentil as a biofortified source of Zn in human nutrition. The phytate to zinc molar ratio has been used to categorize the zinc bioavailability in food, and models have been developed to predict Zn absorption. Estimation of Zn in lentils, its bioavailabity and relationship to crop and soil management factors such as lentil class, Zn fertilization practices, and other nutrients such as phosphorus are proposed to be investigated in a range of Saskatchewan soils. Specifically, the proposed research examines the effect of soil and foliar applied Zn fertilizers on zinc concentration and phytate content of three different classes of lentil. A trivariate model of Zn absorption will be used to estimate Zn bioavailability in the lentil grain. Re-mobilization and distribution of Zn with the lentil plant as a function of lentil class type, and Zn fertilization practice will also be evaluated.