Reasoning about object categories and properties during early childhood

幼儿时期对物体类别和属性的推理

• 批准号: 194530-2011
• 负责人: Graham, Susan
• 金额: $ 4.41万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=546150
• 关键词: Reasoning; about; object; categories; properties

Induction is an important part of our everyday reasoning, allowing us to generalize beyond what is known to new instances and situations. My research focuses on the emergence of category-based inductive reasoning during the infancy and preschool years. Category-based induction typically involves the following line of reasoning: first, observing that X has the property Y (e.g., a robin can fly); second, deciding that X and Z are the same kind of thing (e.g., a robin and a sparrow are both birds); and third, inferring that Z also has the property Y (e.g., therefore a sparrow can fly). The ability to reason that members of the same category may also share properties allows children to make sense of the great diversity of objects and entities in their environment and leads to cognitive efficiency and the opportunity to benefit from past experiences.

归纳是我们日常推理的重要组成部分，它使我们能够将已知的东西推广到新的实例和情况。我的研究集中在婴儿期和学龄前阶段基于类别的归纳推理的出现。基于类别的归纳通常涉及以下推理路线：首先，观察X具有属性Y（例如，知更鸟会飞）;第二，决定X和Z是同一种事物（例如，知更鸟和麻雀都是鸟）;以及第三，推断Z也具有属性Y（例如，所以麻雀会飞）。推理同一类别的成员也可能共享属性的能力使儿童能够理解其环境中的物体和实体的巨大多样性，并导致认知效率和从过去经验中受益的机会。