Reasoning about object categories and properties during early childhood

幼儿时期对物体类别和属性的推理

• 批准号: 194530-2011
• 负责人: Graham, Susan
• 金额: $ 4.41万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=546150
• 关键词: Reasoning; about; object; categories; properties

Induction is an important part of our everyday reasoning, allowing us to generalize beyond what is known to new instances and situations. My research focuses on the emergence of category-based inductive reasoning during the infancy and preschool years. Category-based induction typically involves the following line of reasoning: first, observing that X has the property Y (e.g., a robin can fly); second, deciding that X and Z are the same kind of thing (e.g., a robin and a sparrow are both birds); and third, inferring that Z also has the property Y (e.g., therefore a sparrow can fly). The ability to reason that members of the same category may also share properties allows children to make sense of the great diversity of objects and entities in their environment and leads to cognitive efficiency and the opportunity to benefit from past experiences.

归纳是我们日常推理中的一个重要部分，它允许我们对新的情况和情况进行超越已知的概括。我的研究集中在基于范畴的归纳推理在婴儿期和学龄前阶段的出现。基于类别的归纳通常涉及以下推理：第一，观察到X具有属性Y(例如，知更鸟可以飞行)；第二，确定X和Z是同一种事物(例如，知更鸟和麻雀都是鸟)；以及第三，推断Z也具有属性Y(例如，因此麻雀可以飞行)。能够推理出同一类别的成员也可能共享属性，使儿童能够理解其环境中对象和实体的巨大多样性，从而提高认知效率，并有机会从过去的经验中受益。