Modelling laser transmission welding of thermoplastic polymers and composites

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Laser transmission welding (LTW) involves mating laser-transparent and laser-absorbent parts. Laser energy passes through the transparent component and is absorbed near the interface between the two parts where it melts the polymer, allowing diffusion and ultimately welding to occur. In some cases, the high-temperature polymer melt can flow due to thermal expansion and/or pressure driving forces. However, the flow can also lead to internal stresses and weldline read-through which are often undesirable. High temperatures can also cause material degradation. These high temperatures are often mitigated by the extremely short exposure times generally associated with high-speed LTW.