Ion trapping with atoms, molecules and exotic species

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The techniques of ion trapping use electric and/or magnetic fields to trap or suspend charged particles, such as ionized atoms or molecules, within ultralow pressure vacuum chambers. This combination allows us to all but fully isolate our experimental environment from the lab surrounding it. There are many benefits to such isolation, specifically it allows us to control the conditions within our experimental environment, such as creating ultracold (temperature << 1 K) or very hot conditions for our atomic and/or molecular samples. Alternatively, one can take advantage of this extreme isolation to study species that cannot survive or are more difficult to study in a more conventional environment, such as molecular radicals, unstable atomic isotopes, and even anti-matter.