Evolution of sexual reproduction and phylogeny of the ancient and enigmatic red algae

古老而神秘的红藻的有性繁殖和系统发育的进化

基本信息

批准号：
238619-2012
负责人：
Müller, Kirsten
金额：
$ 1.53万
依托单位：
University of Waterloo
依托单位国家：
加拿大
项目类别：
Discovery Grants Program - Individual
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
加拿大
起止时间：
2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=547043
关键词：
Evolution sexual reproduction phylogeny ancient

项目摘要

The red algae (Rhodophyta) are an ancient lineage with some members being reported in the fossil record as far back as 1.2 billion years. This group is of considerable economic importance since they contain compounds (agar, carrageenan, etc.) that are used extensively as thickeners in products such as yogurt, ice cream and toothpaste. Genera such as Porphyra (aka. Nori, laverbread) and Palmaria (aka. Dulse) are important food sources and are global billion dollar aquaculture industries. In addition, the red algae are a critical group in the evolution of photosynthetic life on earth through secondary endosymbiosis of chloroplasts. This simply means that several lineages currently capable of photosynthesis have gained that ability by engulfing and keeping other photosynthetic organisms inside them. For example, red algae are the common ancestors to the chloroplasts contained in the division, Heterokontophyta (e.g. large kelps common to Atlantic and Pacific coasts). This was a pivotal event in the evolution of photosynthetic life. Despite the obvious importance of this group, very little is known about what are considered "Bangiophyte" species. Even more fascinating is that even though the fossil, Bangiomorpha, exhibits the first example of sexual reproduction in the fossil record (1.2 BYA), many of these groups do not appear to undergo sexual reproduction or have lost the ability entirely. This proposal focuses on examining these unique organisms and uses molecular techniques to discern if sexual

红藻（Rhodophyta）是一个古老的血统，在化石记录中有一些成员早在12亿年前。该组具有相当大的经济意义，因为它们包含化合物（琼脂，角叉菜胶等），它们被广泛用作酸奶，冰淇淋和牙膏等产品中的增稠剂。诸如Porphyra（又名Nori，Laverbread）和Palmaria（又名Dulse）之类的属是重要的食物来源，并且是全球十亿美元的水产养殖行业。此外，红藻是通过叶绿体的继发性内共生生物的光合作用演变的关键群体。这仅意味着当前能够光合作用的几个谱系通过吞噬并保留其他光合生物体来获得这种能力。例如，红藻是分裂中包含的叶绿体（例如大西洋和太平洋海岸共有的大型海带）的叶绿体的共同祖先。这是光合作用发展的关键事件。尽管这一群体显而易见，但对被认为是“ bangiophyte”的物种知之甚少。更令人着迷的是，即使化石Bangiomorpha在化石记录中展示了有性繁殖的第一个例子（1.2 bya），但其中许多群体似乎并没有进行性繁殖或完全失去了能力。该建议重点是检查这些独特的生物，并使用分子技术来辨别性能是否性