Environmental forcing of primary production in the changing Arctic and sub-arctic seas

不断变化的北极和亚北极海域初级生产的环境强迫

• 批准号: 327493-2011
• 负责人: Tremblay, JeanÉric
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=549101
• 关键词: Environmental; forcing; primary; production; changing

The ongoing metamorphosis of northern seas hands us a natural experiment that must be tapped to unravel the effects of multiple environmental stressors on marine primary production (PP) and biogeochemical fluxes. For the Arctic in particular, the response of PP to natural and anthropogenic forcing (ice cover, light, nutrients & temperature) and the ensuing feedbacks on climate (e.g. release or capture of greenhouse gases) are subject to large uncertainties and debate. Research objectives for the next 5 years are to (1) elucidate the physical drivers of PP, (2) quantify biological steps of the nitrogen cycle that strongly affect PP, and (3) investigate Arctic/sub-Arctic connectivity with respect to nutrient loading and freshwater deliveries. Hypotheses will be tested with a combination of autonomous observation (moorings), culture work, historical data and ship-based process studies. The latter will rely on state-of-the-art techniques that use stable isotopes as tracers of carbon and nitrogen fluxes in situ (natural abundance) and during experimental incubations with 15N/13C-labeled substrates. As global fisheries continue to decline and northern waterways become safer, the value of new arctic resources is likely to soar. My research will assess the carrying capacity of northern seas in terms of the quantity and quality of the PP available to renewable resources. Quantitative understanding of fundamental, first-order ecological processes and their response to multiple environmental stressors will increase and improve the numerical models that constrain future scenarios. The new knowledge should empower Canadian managers, policy makers and industry with better means to evaluate, anticipate and adapt to the changing icescape and its impacts on ecosystem health and services. Other benefits to Canadians include a better grasp of marine ecosystems and crucial linkages between the far north and the coastal waters of Atlantic Provinces, as well as training of the next generation of biological oceanographers.

北方海域正在发生的变化为我们提供了一个自然实验，必须利用这个实验来揭示多种环境压力对海洋初级生产力（PP）和海洋地球化学通量的影响。特别是对于北极，PP对自然和人为强迫（冰盖，光照，营养物和温度）的响应以及随后对气候的反馈（例如温室气体的释放或捕获）受到很大的不确定性和争议。未来5年的研究目标是（1）阐明PP的物理驱动因素，（2）量化氮循环中强烈影响PP的生物步骤，（3）调查北极/亚北极地区营养负荷和淡水输送的连通性。将结合自主观察（系泊）、培养工作、历史数据和船基过程研究来检验假设。后者将依赖于最先进的技术，使用稳定的同位素作为示踪剂的碳和氮通量在原位（天然丰度），并在实验孵育期间与15 N/13 C标记的基板。随着全球渔业的持续衰退和北方水道的安全，北极新资源的价值可能会飙升。我的研究将评估北方海域可再生资源的生产力的数量和质量方面的承载能力。对基本的一阶生态过程及其对多种环境压力的反应的定量理解将增加和改进限制未来情景的数值模型。新知识应使加拿大管理人员、决策者和工业界能够更好地评估、预测和适应不断变化的冰盖及其对生态系统健康和服务的影响。对加拿大人的其他好处包括更好地掌握海洋生态系统和远北与大西洋各省沿海沃茨之间的重要联系，以及培训下一代生物海洋学家。