Towards generating multiple-fungal resistance in lentil

在扁豆中产生多种真菌抗性

• 批准号: 452506-2013
• 负责人: Banniza, Sabine
• 金额: $ 5.64万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=554896
• 关键词: Towards; generating; multiple; fungal; resistance

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is the second most important pulse crop after pea grown on the Canadian Prairies, and Canada is the world's largest lentil exporter. Competitiveness of Canadian lentil in the world market is highly dependent on maintaining high seed quality and yields whilst simultaneously striving at reducing production costs. Primarily three diseases, ascochyta blight, anthracnose and stemphylium blight, remain a major impediment to this goal despite an increasing use of fungicides. The most economical and environmentally-friendly way of managing these diseases is the development of varieties with durable resistance. Since resistance sources in the cultivated lentil species have been exhausted or are unavailable, we have been screening wild relatives for such resistance genes that can be hybridized with the cultivated lentil to transfer the resistance gene into lentil through conventional crossing. To simplify this process and make it more efficient, we propose to identify the resistance genes in one of the most promising wild lentil species through various molecular techniques that allow us to develop tags that can then be used to identify those individuals in the offspring of such crosses for further breeding into new varieties. At the same time, we also propose to conduct research that elucidates the mechanisms of how these resistance genes function. Understanding the mechanism will allow us to pick those that are most likely to be most effective over long periods of time in lentil fields. In doing so, we can utilize and combine these genes in a new generation of lentil varieties. In the long run, we anticipate that this will reduce the need for pesticide applications in lentil fields, and preserve the attractiveness of lentil as a rotational crop. This in turn will have the environmental benefits of reducing the reliance on mineral nitrogen fertilizer as lentil can fix nitrogen from the air. Better disease resistance will protect yield and lentil seed quality, thereby securing the income of Canadian farmers, ensuring that Canada will maintain its position as the number 1 exporter, and as such, maintain Canada's contribution to world food security, in particular in many underdeveloped countries.

小扁豆（Lentil，透镜）小扁豆是加拿大大草原上仅次于豌豆的第二大豆类作物，加拿大是世界上最大的小扁豆出口国。加拿大小扁豆在世界市场上的竞争力高度依赖于保持高种子质量和产量，同时努力降低生产成本。尽管杀真菌剂的使用越来越多，但主要的三种病害，即壳二孢菌枯萎病、炭疽病和茎生植物枯萎病，仍然是实现这一目标的主要障碍。管理这些疾病的最经济和最环保的方法是开发具有持久抗性的品种。由于栽培小扁豆物种中的抗性来源已经耗尽或不可用，我们一直在筛选野生近缘种中可以与栽培小扁豆杂交的抗性基因，以通过常规杂交将抗性基因转移到小扁豆中。为了简化这一过程，使其更有效，我们建议通过各种分子技术来识别最有前途的野生扁豆物种之一的抗性基因，这些技术使我们能够开发标签，然后可以用于识别这些杂交后代中的个体，以便进一步培育成新品种。与此同时，我们还建议进行研究，阐明这些抗性基因如何发挥作用的机制。了解这一机制将使我们能够挑选出那些在扁豆田中长时间最有可能最有效的。这样做，我们就可以利用和联合收割机这些基因在新一代的扁豆品种。从长远来看，我们预计这将减少小扁豆田对农药的需求，并保持小扁豆作为轮作作物的吸引力。这反过来又会减少对矿物氮肥的依赖，因为小扁豆可以从空气中固定氮。更好的抗病能力将保护产量和小扁豆种子质量，从而保障加拿大农民的收入，确保加拿大保持其第一大出口国的地位，并因此保持加拿大对世界粮食安全的贡献，特别是在许多不发达国家。