Ocean Dynamics in the Northwest Atlantic

西北大西洋的海洋动力学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-06268
• 负责人: deYoung, Brad
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2014-01-01 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=567703
• 关键词: Ocean; Dynamics; Northwest; Atlantic

The long-term goal of my research program is to understand the physical and ecological dynamics of the Northwest Atlantic through observational and modeling studies. My program has four short-term objectives: (1) to improve our ability to observe the ocean through the development of new sampling systems and new approaches to their deployment; (2) to expand our understanding of tidal and wind-forced dynamics of coastal embayments; (3) to determine the along-shelf transport of heat and freshwater on the Newfoundland shelf and (4) to extend the use of numerical models for the design and operation of field sampling campaigns and to integrate physical and biological data for improved understanding of marine ecosystems. The time scales of interest range from the daily to the seasonal, interannual and decadal. The approach taken in this research involves integrating innovative observational oceanographic studies with advanced numerical modeling. We will use new and developing technologies to improve our ability to sample in the ice-covered waters of the Northwest Atlantic. Field studies will focus on natural laboratories of the Northwest Atlantic including the fjords, coastal embayments and shelf of Newfoundland and Labrador. We will begin by bringing together the historical data for the region, including both physical and biological observations. We will supplement the historical data with new data from dedicated research cruises, mooring and glider deployments on the shelf and in coastal bays and fjords such as Trinity Bay in Newfoundland and Lake Melville in Labrador. The field sampling will benefit from ongoing national and international programs, such as the gas exchange study (Vitals) and the meridional overturning circulation study (OSNAP), both in the Labrador Sea. We will leverage as much as we can from other oceanographic studies. We will use new approaches, integrating gliders and moorings, to measure the along-shelf transport on the Newfoundland shelf. We will address such questions as where does the water come from? And how is it modified on the shelf? Historical data will be used to initialize numerical model runs and to explore dynamical structures of the oceanographic fields, e.g. correlation length-scales, freshwater fluxes, links to atmospheric forcing, the influence of extreme events and seasonal dynamics. Numerical models will be used to integrate the data and to explore key processes that may be confounded in the observations. While there are numerical models that can already be applied, model development will also be an important part of this research program. We will incorporate biological models with the physical circulation models to address ecosystem questions such as how organisms maintain populations in certain regions and how stratification influences population dynamics, with a primary focus on planktonic, passively drifting organisms. The focus of this modeling is on the interaction between simple behavioural dynamics, such as the daily and seasonal vertical migration cycles of zooplankton, with the physical stratification and circulation. The novelty of our work lies in the combination of experimental, and numerical and modeling approaches. Integration of these approaches into a single program will yield a comprehensive interpretation of the role of the critical physical processes in ocean and ecosystem dynamics. Understanding gained from this Northwest Atlantic research, and the instrumentation and techniques developed, will be applied to studies in other regions to develop a more general understanding of the implications of our work.

我的研究计划的长期目标是通过观测和建模研究了解西北大西洋的物理和生态动态。我的计划有四个短期目标：（1）通过开发新的采样系统和新的部署方法来提高我们观察海洋的能力;（2）扩大我们对沿海海湾潮汐和风动力学的理解;（3）确定纽芬兰大陆架上热量和淡水的沿大陆架输送;（4）扩大数字模型的使用范围，以设计和开展实地取样活动，并综合物理和生物数据，增进对海洋生态系统的了解。感兴趣的时间尺度范围从每日到季节，年际和十年。这项研究采用的方法涉及将创新的观测海洋学研究与先进的数值模拟相结合。我们将使用新的和正在开发的技术，以提高我们在西北大西洋冰雪覆盖的沃茨取样的能力。实地研究将集中在西北大西洋的自然实验室，包括峡湾、沿海海湾和纽芬兰和拉布拉多的大陆架。我们将开始收集该区域的历史数据，包括物理和生物观测数据。我们将用专门的研究巡航、在大陆架和沿海海湾和峡湾（如纽芬兰的Trinity湾和拉布拉多的梅尔维尔湖）的系泊和滑翔机部署的新数据来补充历史数据。现场取样将受益于正在进行的国家和国际方案，如拉布拉多海的气体交换研究（Vitals）和赤道翻转环流研究（OSNAP）。我们将尽可能多地利用其他海洋学研究。我们将使用新的方法，结合滑翔机和系泊设备，来测量纽芬兰大陆架上的沿大陆架运输。我们将讨论诸如水从何而来之类的问题？它是如何在货架上修改的？ 历史数据将用于初始化数值模型运行和探索海洋学领域的动力学结构，例如相关长度尺度、淡水通量、与大气强迫的联系、极端事件的影响和季节动态。数值模型将用于整合数据，并探索观测中可能混淆的关键过程。虽然已经有可以应用的数值模型，但模型开发也将是这项研究计划的重要组成部分。我们将把生物模型与物理循环模型，以解决生态系统的问题，如生物体如何保持人口在某些地区，以及分层如何影响人口动态，主要集中在反硝化，被动漂移的生物体。该模型的重点是简单的行为动力学之间的相互作用，如浮游动物的日常和季节性的垂直迁移周期，与物理分层和循环。我们的工作的新奇在于实验，数值和建模方法的结合。将这些方法整合到一个单一的程序中，将产生对海洋和生态系统动力学中关键物理过程的作用的全面解释。从这项西北大西洋研究中获得的理解，以及开发的仪器和技术，将应用于其他地区的研究，以更全面地了解我们工作的影响。