Visual Perception and Attention

视觉感知和注意力

• 批准号: 36796-2013
• 负责人: Enns, James
• 金额: $ 6.56万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568781
• 关键词: Visual; Perception; Attention

My lab studies the interface between human visual cognition and social-emotional processing. The methods are behavioral (psychophysics, limb movement, self-report, third-person observation), but are informed by theories based on neuroscience (electrophysiology, imaging) and neuropsychology (brain injury, disease). Two representative lines of research are outlined as examples of the projects ongoing in the UBC Vision Lab. A very exciting recent discovery is that there are emotional-evaluative consequences associated with certain patterns of eye gaze when viewing a scene. This work began by considering why Rembrandt might have been more selective than previous portrait artists in his rendering of detail (DiPaola, Riebe & Enns, Leonardo 2010) but it has expanded from there to a consideration of how relative detail can be used much more generally in pictures to implicitly guide attention (Enns & MacDonald, JEPHPP 2012). The proposed work examines the emotional consequences of the gaze patterns that are driven by the non-uniform distribution of detail in a picture. This work is important to theory development in this area, because it offers a way of testing diverse hypotheses using a common methodology that integrates eye tracking (action) with measures of experience (emotion). A second important discovery is that the unconscious motor actions that guide our reaching - the so-called autopilot of the arm - are exquisitely sensitive to the positive reward value (gain) of the visual targets guiding the reach. However, the same system's sensitivity to negative value (loss) seems much more context dependent. The proposed research will test the hypothesis that gain and loss information are available to the autopilot at different points in time (loss information is delayed), helping to shed light both on fundamental theoretical issues (e.g., why are obstacles sometimes hard to avoid when reaching) and on practical issues (e.g., why are some forms of gambling more difficult to resist).

我的实验室研究人类视觉认知和社会情感处理之间的界面。这些方法是行为的（心理物理学，肢体运动，自我报告，第三人称观察），但基于神经科学（电生理学，成像）和神经心理学（脑损伤，疾病）的理论。两个有代表性的研究路线概述了在UBC视觉实验室正在进行的项目的例子。 最近一个非常令人兴奋的发现是，在观看场景时，眼睛注视的某些模式会产生情绪评估的后果。这项工作开始于考虑为什么伦勃朗可能比以前的肖像艺术家在细节的渲染上更有选择性（DiPaola，Riebe &恩斯，列奥纳多2010），但它已经从那里扩展到考虑如何在图片中更普遍地使用相对细节来隐含地引导注意力（恩斯&麦克唐纳，JEPHPP 2012）。拟议的工作检查的情感后果的凝视模式，驱动的非均匀分布的图片中的细节。这项工作对这一领域的理论发展很重要，因为它提供了一种使用通用方法来测试不同假设的方法，该方法将眼动跟踪（动作）与经验（情感）的测量相结合。 第二个重要的发现是，引导我们伸手的无意识运动动作--所谓的手臂自动驾驶仪--对引导伸手的视觉目标的正奖励值（增益）非常敏感。然而，同一个系统对负值（损失）的敏感性似乎更依赖于上下文。拟议的研究将测试这样一个假设，即自动驾驶仪在不同的时间点可以获得增益和损失信息（损失信息是延迟的），这有助于阐明基本的理论问题（例如，为什么在到达时有时很难避免障碍）和实际问题（例如，为什么有些形式的赌博更难抗拒）。